Virtual communities spanning multiple online platforms
Dear all, I have a grad student who wants to look into this really interesting question in a literature review essay (see below) - I don't know what literatures to suggest to her however - the texts I am familiar with about virtual community all tend to look at them on a single platform. Are there multi-sited ethnographies and other studies examining this you can suggest?
I would like to look at how presence on multiple platforms (eg, Facebook, Twitter, Web, Blog, etc) either strengthens or dilutes a community. This springs off of the discussion you and I had last week about how the platform shapes the community (or not to beat the dead McLuhan horse - how the media shapes the message). I'm curious to examine how the community changes as the platform changes - eg, is it the same community spread across multiple platforms or does each platform represent a distinct community.
It's my fault for irresponsibly finding the subject interesting ;-) -- Dr David Brake, Researcher and Educator http://davidbrake.org/, @drbrake Author of "Sharing Our Lives Online: Risks and Exposure in Social Media” https://www.facebook.com/sharingourlivesonline <https://www.facebook.com/sharingourlivesonline>
David- Celia Pearce’s book looks at a game community where the game shut down, and how they dispersed to other platforms, trying to maintain and re-build their original community: Pearce, C. (2009). Communities of play. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. I think that’s where she uses the term latitudinal studies, which is great, directly addressing the issue you raise (people use more than one online space, so researchers have to look widely across spaces). I also have a paper looking at how an in-game community fell apart in the game where it initially formed but mostly stayed connected across different platforms: Poor, N., & Skoric, M. M. (2014). Death of a guild, birth of a network: Online community ties within and beyond code. Games and Culture, 9(3), 182–202. http://doi.org/10.1177/1555412014537401 Hopefully there are some useful cites to and from those pieces as well. HTH, -Nat --------------------------- Nathaniel Poor, PhD http://github.com/natpoor <http://github.com/natpoor> http://natpoor.blogspot.com <http://natpoor.blogspot.com/> http://sites.google.com/site/natpoor/ <http://sites.google.com/site/natpoor/> http://www.underwood-institute.org <http://underwood-institute.org/>
On Feb 16, 2017, at 1:26 PM, David Brake <davidbrake@gmail.com> wrote:
Dear all,
I have a grad student who wants to look into this really interesting question in a literature review essay (see below) - I don't know what literatures to suggest to her however - the texts I am familiar with about virtual community all tend to look at them on a single platform. Are there multi-sited ethnographies and other studies examining this you can suggest?
I would like to look at how presence on multiple platforms (eg, Facebook, Twitter, Web, Blog, etc) either strengthens or dilutes a community. This springs off of the discussion you and I had last week about how the platform shapes the community (or not to beat the dead McLuhan horse - how the media shapes the message). I'm curious to examine how the community changes as the platform changes - eg, is it the same community spread across multiple platforms or does each platform represent a distinct community.
It's my fault for irresponsibly finding the subject interesting ;-) -- Dr David Brake, Researcher and Educator http://davidbrake.org/, @drbrake Author of "Sharing Our Lives Online: Risks and Exposure in Social Media” https://www.facebook.com/sharingourlivesonline <https://www.facebook.com/sharingourlivesonline> _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
Hi, I wrote a book chapter about this in 2011 called "Beyond Discussion Forums: The Transmediated Culture of an Online Pregnancy and Mothering Group." It's in the book Motherhood Online, edited by Michelle Moravec. The chapter was a follow-up essay to a 2007 journal article I wrote called "Vive Les Roses!: The Architecture of Commitment in an Online Pregnancy and Mothering Group." (JCMC) Best, Barbara On Thu, Feb 16, 2017 at 1:36 PM, Nathaniel Poor <natpoor@gmail.com> wrote:
David-
Celia Pearce’s book looks at a game community where the game shut down, and how they dispersed to other platforms, trying to maintain and re-build their original community: Pearce, C. (2009). Communities of play. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
I think that’s where she uses the term latitudinal studies, which is great, directly addressing the issue you raise (people use more than one online space, so researchers have to look widely across spaces).
I also have a paper looking at how an in-game community fell apart in the game where it initially formed but mostly stayed connected across different platforms: Poor, N., & Skoric, M. M. (2014). Death of a guild, birth of a network: Online community ties within and beyond code. Games and Culture, 9(3), 182–202. http://doi.org/10.1177/1555412014537401
Hopefully there are some useful cites to and from those pieces as well.
HTH, -Nat
--------------------------- Nathaniel Poor, PhD http://github.com/natpoor <http://github.com/natpoor> http://natpoor.blogspot.com <http://natpoor.blogspot.com/> http://sites.google.com/site/natpoor/ <http://sites.google.com/site/ natpoor/> http://www.underwood-institute.org <http://underwood-institute.org/>
On Feb 16, 2017, at 1:26 PM, David Brake <davidbrake@gmail.com> wrote:
Dear all,
I have a grad student who wants to look into this really interesting question in a literature review essay (see below) - I don't know what literatures to suggest to her however - the texts I am familiar with about virtual community all tend to look at them on a single platform. Are there multi-sited ethnographies and other studies examining this you can suggest?
I would like to look at how presence on multiple platforms (eg, Facebook, Twitter, Web, Blog, etc) either strengthens or dilutes a community. This springs off of the discussion you and I had last week about how the platform shapes the community (or not to beat the dead McLuhan horse - how the media shapes the message). I'm curious to examine how the community changes as the platform changes - eg, is it the same community spread across multiple platforms or does each platform represent a distinct community.
It's my fault for irresponsibly finding the subject interesting ;-) -- Dr David Brake, Researcher and Educator http://davidbrake.org/, @drbrake Author of "Sharing Our Lives Online: Risks and Exposure in Social Media” https://www.facebook.com/sharingourlivesonline <https://www.facebook.com/ sharingourlivesonline> _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
_______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
-- Barbara L. Ley, PhD Associate Professor Department of Communication Department of Women and Gender Studies University of Delaware 250 Pearson Hall Newark, DE 19716 Phone: (302) 824-4186 Fax: (302) 831-1892 Email: bley@udel.edu Pronouns: She/her/hers
Oh, and more thing. The 2007 piece looks at how members of a support group left one web-based discussion forum and formed a new online support group on a different web-based forum. The 2011 piece looks at how the latter group eventually moved beyond the web-based discussion forum to also connect via social media, blogs, and mobile phones. On Mon, Feb 20, 2017 at 3:33 PM, Barbara Ley <bley@udel.edu> wrote:
Hi,
I wrote a book chapter about this in 2011 called "Beyond Discussion Forums: The Transmediated Culture of an Online Pregnancy and Mothering Group." It's in the book Motherhood Online, edited by Michelle Moravec.
The chapter was a follow-up essay to a 2007 journal article I wrote called "Vive Les Roses!: The Architecture of Commitment in an Online Pregnancy and Mothering Group." (JCMC)
Best,
Barbara
On Thu, Feb 16, 2017 at 1:36 PM, Nathaniel Poor <natpoor@gmail.com> wrote:
David-
Celia Pearce’s book looks at a game community where the game shut down, and how they dispersed to other platforms, trying to maintain and re-build their original community: Pearce, C. (2009). Communities of play. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
I think that’s where she uses the term latitudinal studies, which is great, directly addressing the issue you raise (people use more than one online space, so researchers have to look widely across spaces).
I also have a paper looking at how an in-game community fell apart in the game where it initially formed but mostly stayed connected across different platforms: Poor, N., & Skoric, M. M. (2014). Death of a guild, birth of a network: Online community ties within and beyond code. Games and Culture, 9(3), 182–202. http://doi.org/10.1177/1555412014537401
Hopefully there are some useful cites to and from those pieces as well.
HTH, -Nat
--------------------------- Nathaniel Poor, PhD http://github.com/natpoor <http://github.com/natpoor> http://natpoor.blogspot.com <http://natpoor.blogspot.com/> http://sites.google.com/site/natpoor/ <http://sites.google.com/site/ natpoor/> http://www.underwood-institute.org <http://underwood-institute.org/>
On Feb 16, 2017, at 1:26 PM, David Brake <davidbrake@gmail.com> wrote:
Dear all,
I have a grad student who wants to look into this really interesting question in a literature review essay (see below) - I don't know what literatures to suggest to her however - the texts I am familiar with about virtual community all tend to look at them on a single platform. Are there multi-sited ethnographies and other studies examining this you can suggest?
I would like to look at how presence on multiple platforms (eg, Facebook, Twitter, Web, Blog, etc) either strengthens or dilutes a community. This springs off of the discussion you and I had last week about how the platform shapes the community (or not to beat the dead McLuhan horse - how the media shapes the message). I'm curious to examine how the community changes as the platform changes - eg, is it the same community spread across multiple platforms or does each platform represent a distinct community.
It's my fault for irresponsibly finding the subject interesting ;-) -- Dr David Brake, Researcher and Educator http://davidbrake.org/, @drbrake Author of "Sharing Our Lives Online: Risks and Exposure in Social Media” https://www.facebook.com/sharingourlivesonline < https://www.facebook.com/sharingourlivesonline> _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
_______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
-- Barbara L. Ley, PhD Associate Professor Department of Communication Department of Women and Gender Studies University of Delaware 250 Pearson Hall Newark, DE 19716 Phone: (302) 824-4186 Fax: (302) 831-1892 Email: bley@udel.edu Pronouns: She/her/hers
-- Barbara L. Ley, PhD Associate Professor Department of Communication Department of Women and Gender Studies University of Delaware 250 Pearson Hall Newark, DE 19716 Phone: (302) 824-4186 Fax: (302) 831-1892 Email: bley@udel.edu Pronouns: She/her/hers
Dear David, Another direction to go is looking into Siemens and Downes' connectivist MOOCs, which were based around a reading list and had discussion and interaction across multiple platforms. There's an article that mentions some of the diverse platform use here: http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/643/1402 I believe that Jeremy Knox's book "Posthumanism and the Massive Open Online Course" (https://www.routledge.com/Posthumanism-and-the-Massive-Open-Online-Course-Co...) also discusses how that class essentially created a different course for each person, based on which streams they looked at and how they engaged. Knox also wrote the entry on Massive Open Online Courses for the Encyclopedia of Educational Philosophy and Theory (M. A. Peters (ed.)) that touches on this, http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-981-287-532-7_219-1.pdf Good luck! Betsy -- Betsy Williams, Ph.D. Postdoctoral Research Associate Center for Digital Society and Data Studies University of Arizona School of Information -----Original Message----- From: Air-L [mailto:air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org] On Behalf Of David Brake Sent: Thursday, February 16, 2017 11:27 AM To: AoIR mailing list <Air-L@listserv.aoir.org> Subject: [Air-L] Virtual communities spanning multiple online platforms Dear all, I have a grad student who wants to look into this really interesting question in a literature review essay (see below) - I don't know what literatures to suggest to her however - the texts I am familiar with about virtual community all tend to look at them on a single platform. Are there multi-sited ethnographies and other studies examining this you can suggest?
I would like to look at how presence on multiple platforms (eg, Facebook, Twitter, Web, Blog, etc) either strengthens or dilutes a community. This springs off of the discussion you and I had last week about how the platform shapes the community (or not to beat the dead McLuhan horse - how the media shapes the message). I'm curious to examine how the community changes as the platform changes - eg, is it the same community spread across multiple platforms or does each platform represent a distinct community.
It's my fault for irresponsibly finding the subject interesting ;-) -- Dr David Brake, Researcher and Educator http://davidbrake.org/, @drbrake Author of "Sharing Our Lives Online: Risks and Exposure in Social Media” https://www.facebook.com/sharingourlivesonline <https://www.facebook.com/sharingourlivesonline> _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
Hi David, Here are some citations that focus on multi-sited research and internet media: Hine, C. (2007). Multi-sited ethnography as a middle range methodology for contemporary STS. *Science, Technology & Human Values*, *32(6),* 652-671. Wilson, S. M., & Peterson, L. C. (2002). The anthropology of online communities. *Annual review of anthropology*, *31,* 449-467. Larsen, J. (2008). Practices and flows of digital photography: An ethnographic framework. *Mobilities*, *3(1)*, 141-160. Charmarkeh, H. (2013). Social Media Usage, Tahriib (Migration), and Settlement among Somali Refugees in France. *Refuge: Canada's journal on refugees*, *29*(1). Aouragh, M. (2008). Everyday resistance on the Internet: The Palestinian context. *Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research*, *1(2),* 109-130. Ostrander, M. (2008). Talking, looking, flying, searching: Information seeking behavior in Second Life. *Library Hi Tech*, *26(4),* 512-524. Gatson, S. N., & Zweerink, A. (2004). Ethnography online: ‘natives’ practicing and inscribing community. *Qualitative Research*, *4(2),* 179-200. Other than that, in my own work on "online homelands" I utilize multi-sited ethnography to follow users within and between different online and offline spaces. Would love to share the work directly with your student. Aya On Thu, Feb 16, 2017 at 12:26 PM, David Brake <davidbrake@gmail.com> wrote:
Dear all,
I have a grad student who wants to look into this really interesting question in a literature review essay (see below) - I don't know what literatures to suggest to her however - the texts I am familiar with about virtual community all tend to look at them on a single platform. Are there multi-sited ethnographies and other studies examining this you can suggest?
I would like to look at how presence on multiple platforms (eg, Facebook, Twitter, Web, Blog, etc) either strengthens or dilutes a community. This springs off of the discussion you and I had last week about how the platform shapes the community (or not to beat the dead McLuhan horse - how the media shapes the message). I'm curious to examine how the community changes as the platform changes - eg, is it the same community spread across multiple platforms or does each platform represent a distinct community.
It's my fault for irresponsibly finding the subject interesting ;-) -- Dr David Brake, Researcher and Educator http://davidbrake.org/, @drbrake Author of "Sharing Our Lives Online: Risks and Exposure in Social Media” https://www.facebook.com/sharingourlivesonline <https://www.facebook.com/ sharingourlivesonline> _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
-- *Aya Yadlin-Segal, **Ph.D.* Department of Communication Texas A&M University Bolton 009 College Station, TX 77843-4234
My book Living on Cybermind, to some extent deals with a virtual group that used multiple sites although it focuses on one main site, as I thought it possibly unethical to pursue them everywhere :) also wrote about problems of online ethnography in "Ambiguity, Oscillation and Disorder: Online Ethnography and the Making of Culture" http://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/mcs/article/view/1598 jon ________________________________________ From: Air-L <air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org> on behalf of David Brake <davidbrake@gmail.com> Sent: Friday, 17 February 2017 5:26 AM To: AoIR mailing list Subject: [Air-L] Virtual communities spanning multiple online platforms Dear all, I have a grad student who wants to look into this really interesting question in a literature review essay (see below) - I don't know what literatures to suggest to her however - the texts I am familiar with about virtual community all tend to look at them on a single platform. Are there multi-sited ethnographies and other studies examining this you can suggest?
I would like to look at how presence on multiple platforms (eg, Facebook, Twitter, Web, Blog, etc) either strengthens or dilutes a community. This springs off of the discussion you and I had last week about how the platform shapes the community (or not to beat the dead McLuhan horse - how the media shapes the message). I'm curious to examine how the community changes as the platform changes - eg, is it the same community spread across multiple platforms or does each platform represent a distinct community.
It's my fault for irresponsibly finding the subject interesting ;-) -- Dr David Brake, Researcher and Educator http://davidbrake.org/, @drbrake Author of "Sharing Our Lives Online: Risks and Exposure in Social Media” https://www.facebook.com/sharingourlivesonline <https://www.facebook.com/sharingourlivesonline> _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/ UTS CRICOS Provider Code: 00099F DISCLAIMER: This email message and any accompanying attachments may contain confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient, do not read, use, disseminate, distribute or copy this message or attachments. If you have received this message in error, please notify the sender immediately and delete this message. Any views expressed in this message are those of the individual sender, except where the sender expressly, and with authority, states them to be the views of the University of Technology Sydney. Before opening any attachments, please check them for viruses and defects. Think. Green. Do. Please consider the environment before printing this email.
Hi David! have a look at Robert Ackland's work best wishes Catherine Dr Catherine Summerhayes Film and New Media Studies School of Literature Languages and Linguistics College of Arts and Social Sciences Australian National University Ph. +61 2 612 52704 https://researchers.anu.edu.au/researchers/summerhayes-cf ________________________________ From: Air-L <air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org> on behalf of David Brake <davidbrake@gmail.com> Sent: Friday, February 17, 2017 5:26:39 AM To: AoIR mailing list Subject: [Air-L] Virtual communities spanning multiple online platforms Dear all, I have a grad student who wants to look into this really interesting question in a literature review essay (see below) - I don't know what literatures to suggest to her however - the texts I am familiar with about virtual community all tend to look at them on a single platform. Are there multi-sited ethnographies and other studies examining this you can suggest?
I would like to look at how presence on multiple platforms (eg, Facebook, Twitter, Web, Blog, etc) either strengthens or dilutes a community. This springs off of the discussion you and I had last week about how the platform shapes the community (or not to beat the dead McLuhan horse - how the media shapes the message). I'm curious to examine how the community changes as the platform changes - eg, is it the same community spread across multiple platforms or does each platform represent a distinct community.
It's my fault for irresponsibly finding the subject interesting ;-) -- Dr David Brake, Researcher and Educator http://davidbrake.org/, @drbrake Author of "Sharing Our Lives Online: Risks and Exposure in Social Media” https://www.facebook.com/sharingourlivesonline <https://www.facebook.com/sharingourlivesonline> _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
Hi David and all, Recently, we used a transliteracies framework to trace learning in a community that is distributed across multiple platforms. I am including links to each of those pieces below. The empirical piece doesn't directly address how interaction differed by platform, but it does focus on how practices were taken up across platforms and became communal/built community in a sense. Remix as Professional Learning: Educators’ Iterative Literacy Practice in CLMOOC http://www.mdpi.com/2227-7102/6/1/12 Developing a Transliteracies Framework for a Connected World http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1086296X16683419 Thanks, Anna -- Anna Smith, PhD Assistant Professor, Secondary Education Illinois State University http://about.me/anna_smith On Thu, Feb 16, 2017 at 12:26 PM, David Brake <davidbrake@gmail.com> wrote:
Dear all,
I have a grad student who wants to look into this really interesting question in a literature review essay (see below) - I don't know what literatures to suggest to her however - the texts I am familiar with about virtual community all tend to look at them on a single platform. Are there multi-sited ethnographies and other studies examining this you can suggest?
I would like to look at how presence on multiple platforms (eg, Facebook, Twitter, Web, Blog, etc) either strengthens or dilutes a community. This springs off of the discussion you and I had last week about how the platform shapes the community (or not to beat the dead McLuhan horse - how the media shapes the message). I'm curious to examine how the community changes as the platform changes - eg, is it the same community spread across multiple platforms or does each platform represent a distinct community.
It's my fault for irresponsibly finding the subject interesting ;-) -- Dr David Brake, Researcher and Educator http://davidbrake.org/, @drbrake Author of "Sharing Our Lives Online: Risks and Exposure in Social Media” https://www.facebook.com/sharingourlivesonline <https://www.facebook.com/ sharingourlivesonline> _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
-- Anna Smith, PhD Assistant Professor, Secondary Education Illinois State University http://about.me/anna_smith
Much respect to all those posting academic works, Anecdotally I'd like to say that I am dumbfounded by the shortsightedness of Yahoo in 1) shutting down Yahoo Clubs - which were, to my mind, the first really successful social network, way ahead of the rest - and, then, in turn, letting eGroups wither on the vine. j -- --------------------------------------------------------------- Joly MacFie 218 565 9365 Skype:punkcast -------------------------------------------------------------- -
Hi David it might be useful to have (yet another) look at Usenet's culture. While technically not on different platforms different newsgroups often developed quite different cultures. Good introduction to Usenet (shameless plug):
From Usenet to CoWebs Interacting with Social Information Spaces http://www.springer.com/us/book/9781852335328
Cheers Christopher On Fri, Feb 17, 2017 at 5:26 AM, David Brake <davidbrake@gmail.com> wrote:
Dear all,
I have a grad student who wants to look into this really interesting question in a literature review essay (see below) - I don't know what literatures to suggest to her however - the texts I am familiar with about virtual community all tend to look at them on a single platform. Are there multi-sited ethnographies and other studies examining this you can suggest?
I would like to look at how presence on multiple platforms (eg, Facebook, Twitter, Web, Blog, etc) either strengthens or dilutes a community. This springs off of the discussion you and I had last week about how the platform shapes the community (or not to beat the dead McLuhan horse - how the media shapes the message). I'm curious to examine how the community changes as the platform changes - eg, is it the same community spread across multiple platforms or does each platform represent a distinct community.
It's my fault for irresponsibly finding the subject interesting ;-) -- Dr David Brake, Researcher and Educator http://davidbrake.org/, @drbrake Author of "Sharing Our Lives Online: Risks and Exposure in Social Media” https://www.facebook.com/sharingourlivesonline <https://www.facebook.com/sharingourlivesonline> _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
-- Dr. Christopher Lueg Professor of Computing esp Human Computer Interaction The University of Tasmania Private Bag 87, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1022-5724 https://www.linkedin.com/in/clueg https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christopher_Lueg CRICOS Provider Code: 00586B
participants (10)
-
Anna Smith -
Aya Yadlin Segal -
Barbara Ley -
Catherine Summerhayes -
Christopher Lueg -
David Brake -
Joly MacFie -
Jonathan Marshall -
Nathaniel Poor -
Williams, Betsy A - (betsyw)