China: networked individualism and Internet work-arounds
I echo Charles Ess in noting the rise of individualism in China. (Or to put it another way, the ending of the short-term Cultural Rev suppression of individualism.) Dare I call it "Networked Individualism" cause people are multiply connected. Our Networked book explicitly looked only at North America, but I'd love to see folks extend the ideas to Asia (N, S, SE) and Europe. On another, related note: peeps shouldnt assume that because authorities block FB & Twitter, that no one can get. My admittedly non-random sample has work-arounds, which I won't disclose. But I will disclose that U Toronto's Citizen Lab headed by Ron Deibert has been getting work-around software to China, Iran, etc. for years. All hail PS: Blocking of FB in China another reason NOT to move this list to FB. Barry Wellman _______________________________________________________________________ NetLab Director FRSC INSNA Founder Faculty of Information (iSchool) 611 Bissell Building 140 St. George St. University of Toronto Toronto Canada M5S 3G6 http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~wellman twitter: @barrywellman NETWORKED:The New Social Operating System. Lee Rainie & Barry Wellman MIT Press http://amzn.to/zXZg39 Print $22 Kindle $16 Old/NewCyberTimes http://bit.ly/c8N9V8 ________________________________________________________________________
Related: Tricia Wang is finishing up her book on what might be described as networked individualism (for which she focuses on identity making, dubbing it the "elastic self") for Chinese youth. You can follow her work here: http://elasticself.tumblr.com/ --- Alexander Leavitt PhD Student USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism http://alexleavitt.com Twitter: @alexleavitt On Mon, Aug 5, 2013 at 5:53 AM, Barry Wellman <wellman@chass.utoronto.ca>wrote:
I echo Charles Ess in noting the rise of individualism in China. (Or to put it another way, the ending of the short-term Cultural Rev suppression of individualism.)
Dare I call it "Networked Individualism" cause people are multiply connected.
Our Networked book explicitly looked only at North America, but I'd love to see folks extend the ideas to Asia (N, S, SE) and Europe.
On another, related note: peeps shouldnt assume that because authorities block FB & Twitter, that no one can get. My admittedly non-random sample has work-arounds, which I won't disclose. But I will disclose that U Toronto's Citizen Lab headed by Ron Deibert has been getting work-around software to China, Iran, etc. for years. All hail
PS: Blocking of FB in China another reason NOT to move this list to FB.
Barry Wellman ______________________________**______________________________** ___________
NetLab Director FRSC INSNA Founder Faculty of Information (iSchool) 611 Bissell Building 140 St. George St. University of Toronto Toronto Canada M5S 3G6 http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~**wellman<http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~wellman> twitter: @barrywellman
NETWORKED:The New Social Operating System. Lee Rainie & Barry Wellman MIT Press http://amzn.to/zXZg39 Print $22 Kindle $16 Old/NewCyberTimes http://bit.ly/c8N9V8 ______________________________**______________________________** ____________
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Hi Barry and AoIRists, As a wrinkle on your comment - my colleagues here working on this topic / project argue that the Cultural Revolution actually inaugurated the movement towards individualism in the P.R.C. By removing very large numbers of people from their traditional family and social structures - the structures that define and reinforce more relational forms of selfhood / identity - the Cultural Revolution thereby forced people to turn more to their own / individual resources for identity, meaning, etc. I mention this primarily as a way of inviting others on this list who study China far more intensively than I do to comment. Thanks again, and all best, - c. On 05.08.13 14:53, "Barry Wellman" <wellman@chass.utoronto.ca> wrote:
I echo Charles Ess in noting the rise of individualism in China. (Or to put it another way, the ending of the short-term Cultural Rev suppression of individualism.)
I noticed that Charles mentioned Yunxiang Yan's work on individualism in China. I have worked with Yan for some years (not directly related to his works on individualism, unfortunately) and I quite agree with his analysis of individualism in China. To my understanding, Yan always emphasizes on two things: 1. individuals freed from previous Mao-ist suppression; and 2.the "unbridled individualism" of Chinese post-reform generations. Many scholars have noted the former, but Yan believes that "individualism" in contemporary China is different from that found in the western societies, because Chinese people failed to receive the "core messages" of western individualism (such as human rights, privacy, liberty, etc). He believes that the Chinese way of individualization created what he calls the "inconsiderate (or immoral?) individuals" (I don't know the exact term in English, but the term in Chinese is "无公德个人". I need to look it up). Here is a 3 min video that would help: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sv1OyEJrAM8 Starting from his analysis, I would conclude that 1. we need to be careful when using the term "individualism" in the Chinese context, especially when comparing with the North American cases; 2. it means that it would be very helpful if we look at the personal network of Chinese individuals, their relationship with "others" in their surroundings. It would be even more interesting to compare the findings with Fei's classic "Concentric circle" theory (Fei, X. (1992). *From the soil: The foundations of Chinese society*. Univ of California Press. It's a must-read for Chinese sociology students. I don't know how China studies scholars in North America view it). "Networked individualism" is probably a good way to look at the issue, although we need to first understand what kind of "individualism" are we looking at. On the other hand, many major social media being blocked (or censored) in China actually creates a good opportunity for us to look at a "parallel universe" of Internet. You simply cannot find another country with 1 billion people who have no idea what Facebook or Twitter is, or sometimes, Google. I'm very interested in this topic and would love to see what scholars are doing with it. All the best, Weixu ---------- Weixu Lu Doctoral Student, Teaching Assistant School of Communication and Information, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 192 College Ave., Rm. 102 New Brunswick, NJ 08901 On Tue, Aug 6, 2013 at 12:00 AM, Charles Ess <charles.ess@gmail.com> wrote:
Hi Barry and AoIRists,
As a wrinkle on your comment - my colleagues here working on this topic / project argue that the Cultural Revolution actually inaugurated the movement towards individualism in the P.R.C. By removing very large numbers of people from their traditional family and social structures - the structures that define and reinforce more relational forms of selfhood / identity - the Cultural Revolution thereby forced people to turn more to their own / individual resources for identity, meaning, etc.
I mention this primarily as a way of inviting others on this list who study China far more intensively than I do to comment.
Thanks again, and all best, - c.
On 05.08.13 14:53, "Barry Wellman" <wellman@chass.utoronto.ca> wrote:
I echo Charles Ess in noting the rise of individualism in China. (Or to put it another way, the ending of the short-term Cultural Rev suppression of individualism.)
_______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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Dear Weixu and AoIRist thanks a lot for your material, very interesting! I agree with Weixu, we should use a different perspective when we do refer to 'Chinese individualism' due to a different cultural, historical and economic context. I would also remind that the Chinese Internet is still characterized by collective actions which could limit new / original forms of individualism. Let me to suggest you just three readings about this topic (Human flesh engine人肉搜索, e'gao 恶搞 and Weiguan 围观): A Study of the Human Flesh Search Engine: Crowd-Powered Expansion of Online Knowledge http://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/co/2010/08/mco2010080045-abs.html Digitized parody: The politics of egao in contemporary China http://cin.sagepub.com/content/24/1/3.short The Surrounding Gaze 围观 http://cmp.hku.hk/2011/01/04/9399/ I am also very interested in the topic and it would be great to get more readings about that. Regards Gianluigi Negro - PhD Candidate University of Lugano - Faculty of Communication Sciences Institute of Media and Journalism (IMeG 210.1) Via Buffi, 13 6904 Lugano - CH Tel. Office: +41(0)586664510 Mobile +393803147098 www.cineresie.info Twitter giginegro Linkedin gianluiginegro Skype Gianluigi Negro ________________________________________ Da: air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org [air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org] per conto di Weixu Lu/陆巍戌 [weixu.lu@gmail.com] Inviato: martedì 6 agosto 2013 8.01 A: aoir list Oggetto: Re: [Air-L] China: networked individualism and Internet work-arounds I noticed that Charles mentioned Yunxiang Yan's work on individualism in China. I have worked with Yan for some years (not directly related to his works on individualism, unfortunately) and I quite agree with his analysis of individualism in China. To my understanding, Yan always emphasizes on two things: 1. individuals freed from previous Mao-ist suppression; and 2.the "unbridled individualism" of Chinese post-reform generations. Many scholars have noted the former, but Yan believes that "individualism" in contemporary China is different from that found in the western societies, because Chinese people failed to receive the "core messages" of western individualism (such as human rights, privacy, liberty, etc). He believes that the Chinese way of individualization created what he calls the "inconsiderate (or immoral?) individuals" (I don't know the exact term in English, but the term in Chinese is "无公德个人". I need to look it up). Here is a 3 min video that would help: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sv1OyEJrAM8 Starting from his analysis, I would conclude that 1. we need to be careful when using the term "individualism" in the Chinese context, especially when comparing with the North American cases; 2. it means that it would be very helpful if we look at the personal network of Chinese individuals, their relationship with "others" in their surroundings. It would be even more interesting to compare the findings with Fei's classic "Concentric circle" theory (Fei, X. (1992). *From the soil: The foundations of Chinese society*. Univ of California Press. It's a must-read for Chinese sociology students. I don't know how China studies scholars in North America view it). "Networked individualism" is probably a good way to look at the issue, although we need to first understand what kind of "individualism" are we looking at. On the other hand, many major social media being blocked (or censored) in China actually creates a good opportunity for us to look at a "parallel universe" of Internet. You simply cannot find another country with 1 billion people who have no idea what Facebook or Twitter is, or sometimes, Google. I'm very interested in this topic and would love to see what scholars are doing with it. All the best, Weixu ---------- Weixu Lu Doctoral Student, Teaching Assistant School of Communication and Information, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 192 College Ave., Rm. 102 New Brunswick, NJ 08901 On Tue, Aug 6, 2013 at 12:00 AM, Charles Ess <charles.ess@gmail.com> wrote:
Hi Barry and AoIRists,
As a wrinkle on your comment - my colleagues here working on this topic / project argue that the Cultural Revolution actually inaugurated the movement towards individualism in the P.R.C. By removing very large numbers of people from their traditional family and social structures - the structures that define and reinforce more relational forms of selfhood / identity - the Cultural Revolution thereby forced people to turn more to their own / individual resources for identity, meaning, etc.
I mention this primarily as a way of inviting others on this list who study China far more intensively than I do to comment.
Thanks again, and all best, - c.
On 05.08.13 14:53, "Barry Wellman" <wellman@chass.utoronto.ca> wrote:
I echo Charles Ess in noting the rise of individualism in China. (Or to put it another way, the ending of the short-term Cultural Rev suppression of individualism.)
_______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
_______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
participants (5)
-
Alex Leavitt -
Barry Wellman -
Charles Ess -
Gianluigi Negro -
Weixu Lu/陆巍戌