agency / neutrality of algorithms
Hi list, I've been running into a lot of writing criticising the notion of "algorithms are neutral" recently, but yet to find a scholarly work that tackles the subject yet. Any recommendations? Here are some examples for the types of arguments I'm interested in: http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/04/go-tweak-yourself-face... https://socialmediacollective.org/2016/05/18/facebook-trends/ thanks, Alex. ======= Alex Gekker, PhD Candidate (Promovendus), Media and Culture, Utrecht University. Charting the Digital http://www.digitalcartography.eu/ http://alexgekker.com a.gekker@uu.nl <//a.gekker@uu.nl> |
The Yale Information Society Project recently held a spectacular conference on Algorithmic Accountability, which may be of interest: http://isp.yale.edu/node/6055 On Mon, May 30, 2016 at 3:36 PM, Alex Gekker <gekker.alex@gmail.com> wrote:
Hi list,
I've been running into a lot of writing criticising the notion of "algorithms are neutral" recently, but yet to find a scholarly work that tackles the subject yet. Any recommendations?
Here are some examples for the types of arguments I'm interested in:
http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/04/go-tweak-yourself-face... https://socialmediacollective.org/2016/05/18/facebook-trends/
thanks, Alex.
=======
Alex Gekker, PhD Candidate (Promovendus), Media and Culture, Utrecht University. Charting the Digital http://www.digitalcartography.eu/ http://alexgekker.com a.gekker@uu.nl <//a.gekker@uu.nl> | _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
I'd like to recommend this: https://socialmediacollective.org/reading-lists/critical-algorithm-studies/ Nick Seaver and I had been trying to keep tabs on this scholarship. Many of the pieces on this list, especially in sections 0.2, 1.1, and 1.2. Tarleton sent from my iphone, sorry for my fat fingers.
On May 30, 2016, at 4:09 PM, Elizabeth Anne Watkins <writetowatkins@gmail.com> wrote:
The Yale Information Society Project recently held a spectacular conference on Algorithmic Accountability, which may be of interest:
On Mon, May 30, 2016 at 3:36 PM, Alex Gekker <gekker.alex@gmail.com> wrote:
Hi list,
I've been running into a lot of writing criticising the notion of "algorithms are neutral" recently, but yet to find a scholarly work that tackles the subject yet. Any recommendations?
Here are some examples for the types of arguments I'm interested in:
http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/04/go-tweak-yourself-face... https://socialmediacollective.org/2016/05/18/facebook-trends/
thanks, Alex.
=======
Alex Gekker, PhD Candidate (Promovendus), Media and Culture, Utrecht University. Charting the Digital http://www.digitalcartography.eu/ http://alexgekker.com a.gekker@uu.nl <//a.gekker@uu.nl> | _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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Hi all, we¹re in the early stages of data analysis on a project related to this. Here¹s the website: http://ethicsofalgorithms.com/ I¹m currently working on my abstract for the CfP that Annette Markham put out for ³ethic as method² it¹s due today, but here¹s the link for that http://futuremaking.space/ethics/ethic-method-special-issue-social-media-so ciety-call-papers/ So clearly my paper is in a nascent stage, but I welcome this conversation and will be happy to share what I find. Kris ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Kristene Unsworth, PhD. Assistant Professor ASIS&T SIG-IEP, Chair The College of Computing & Informatics Drexel University 3141 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19104 Tel: 215.895.6016 | Fax: 215.895.2494 Drexel.edu/cci On 5/30/16, 4:19 PM, "Air-L on behalf of Tarleton L. Gillespie" <air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org on behalf of tlg28@cornell.edu> wrote:
I'd like to recommend this:
https://socialmediacollective.org/reading-lists/critical-algorithm-studies /
Nick Seaver and I had been trying to keep tabs on this scholarship. Many of the pieces on this list, especially in sections 0.2, 1.1, and 1.2.
Tarleton
sent from my iphone, sorry for my fat fingers.
On May 30, 2016, at 4:09 PM, Elizabeth Anne Watkins <writetowatkins@gmail.com> wrote:
The Yale Information Society Project recently held a spectacular conference on Algorithmic Accountability, which may be of interest:
On Mon, May 30, 2016 at 3:36 PM, Alex Gekker <gekker.alex@gmail.com> wrote:
Hi list,
I've been running into a lot of writing criticising the notion of "algorithms are neutral" recently, but yet to find a scholarly work that tackles the subject yet. Any recommendations?
Here are some examples for the types of arguments I'm interested in:
http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/04/go-tweak-yourself- facebook/480258/ https://socialmediacollective.org/2016/05/18/facebook-trends/
thanks, Alex.
=======
Alex Gekker, PhD Candidate (Promovendus), Media and Culture, Utrecht University. Charting the Digital http://www.digitalcartography.eu/ http://alexgekker.com a.gekker@uu.nl <//a.gekker@uu.nl> | _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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I'm a lurker on this listserv but I would like to second this list. It is invaluable. On Monday, May 30, 2016, Tarleton L. Gillespie <tlg28@cornell.edu> wrote:
I'd like to recommend this:
https://socialmediacollective.org/reading-lists/critical-algorithm-studies/
Nick Seaver and I had been trying to keep tabs on this scholarship. Many of the pieces on this list, especially in sections 0.2, 1.1, and 1.2.
Tarleton
sent from my iphone, sorry for my fat fingers.
On May 30, 2016, at 4:09 PM, Elizabeth Anne Watkins < writetowatkins@gmail.com <javascript:;>> wrote:
The Yale Information Society Project recently held a spectacular conference on Algorithmic Accountability, which may be of interest:
On Mon, May 30, 2016 at 3:36 PM, Alex Gekker <gekker.alex@gmail.com <javascript:;>> wrote:
Hi list,
I've been running into a lot of writing criticising the notion of "algorithms are neutral" recently, but yet to find a scholarly work that tackles the subject yet. Any recommendations?
Here are some examples for the types of arguments I'm interested in:
http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/04/go-tweak-yourself-face...
https://socialmediacollective.org/2016/05/18/facebook-trends/
thanks, Alex.
=======
Alex Gekker, PhD Candidate (Promovendus), Media and Culture, Utrecht University. Charting the Digital http://www.digitalcartography.eu/ http://alexgekker.com a.gekker@uu.nl <javascript:;> <//a.gekker@uu.nl <javascript:;>> | _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org <javascript:;> mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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-- Sent from my transhuman digital interface
Alex, if you are specifically interested in the research strategy of 'ethicizing' analytic objects, the following exchange might be a good starting point: Kraemer, Felicitas, Kees Overveld, and Martin Peterson. 2010. “Is There an Ethics of Algorithms?” Ethics and Information Technology 13 (3): 251–60. doi:10.1007/s10676-010-9233-7. Anderson, Robert J., and Wesley W. Sharrock. 2013. “Ethical Algorithms: A Brief Comment on an Extensive Muddle.”, http://www.sharrockandanderson.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Ethical-Algo... Taken together, the two articles highlight some of the (fascinating) issues that arise from adding epithets like 'ethical,' 'neutral,' 'moral', etc. to computational phenomena. All best, Malte On Tue, May 31, 2016 at 6:23 PM, Josh Scannell <joshua.scannell@gmail.com> wrote:
I'm a lurker on this listserv but I would like to second this list. It is invaluable.
On Monday, May 30, 2016, Tarleton L. Gillespie <tlg28@cornell.edu> wrote:
I'd like to recommend this:
https://socialmediacollective.org/reading-lists/critical-algorithm-studies/
Nick Seaver and I had been trying to keep tabs on this scholarship. Many of the pieces on this list, especially in sections 0.2, 1.1, and 1.2.
Tarleton
sent from my iphone, sorry for my fat fingers.
On May 30, 2016, at 4:09 PM, Elizabeth Anne Watkins < writetowatkins@gmail.com <javascript:;>> wrote:
The Yale Information Society Project recently held a spectacular conference on Algorithmic Accountability, which may be of interest:
On Mon, May 30, 2016 at 3:36 PM, Alex Gekker <gekker.alex@gmail.com <javascript:;>> wrote:
Hi list,
I've been running into a lot of writing criticising the notion of "algorithms are neutral" recently, but yet to find a scholarly work
that
tackles the subject yet. Any recommendations?
Here are some examples for the types of arguments I'm interested in:
http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/04/go-tweak-yourself-face...
https://socialmediacollective.org/2016/05/18/facebook-trends/
thanks, Alex.
=======
Alex Gekker, PhD Candidate (Promovendus), Media and Culture, Utrecht University. Charting the Digital http://www.digitalcartography.eu/ http://alexgekker.com a.gekker@uu.nl <javascript:;> <//a.gekker@uu.nl <javascript:;>> | _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org <javascript:;> mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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-- Sent from my transhuman digital interface _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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Hi everyone, The response has been amazing, thank you all for your wonderful suggestions on and off list. And sorry if I missed someone in responding personally. I took the liberty of putting together a public Google Doc with all the suggestions. I tried to keep it short but provide context where original authors supplied few lines of elaboration. The list is freely editable, so if you feel there's something missing or would rather not have your suggestions there - please edit it or email me and I'll do it. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1OaAnpaLaOQs0YgUaPZ0lEThy0EI9_RrjtrqdQYBY... regards, Alex. On Wed, Jun 1, 2016 at 12:51 AM Malte Ziewitz <mziewitz@gmail.com> wrote:
Alex, if you are specifically interested in the research strategy of 'ethicizing' analytic objects, the following exchange might be a good starting point:
Kraemer, Felicitas, Kees Overveld, and Martin Peterson. 2010. “Is There an Ethics of Algorithms?” Ethics and Information Technology 13 (3): 251–60. doi:10.1007/s10676-010-9233-7.
Anderson, Robert J., and Wesley W. Sharrock. 2013. “Ethical Algorithms: A Brief Comment on an Extensive Muddle.”,
http://www.sharrockandanderson.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Ethical-Algo...
Taken together, the two articles highlight some of the (fascinating) issues that arise from adding epithets like 'ethical,' 'neutral,' 'moral', etc. to computational phenomena.
All best, Malte
On Tue, May 31, 2016 at 6:23 PM, Josh Scannell <joshua.scannell@gmail.com> wrote:
I'm a lurker on this listserv but I would like to second this list. It is invaluable.
On Monday, May 30, 2016, Tarleton L. Gillespie <tlg28@cornell.edu> wrote:
I'd like to recommend this:
https://socialmediacollective.org/reading-lists/critical-algorithm-studies/
Nick Seaver and I had been trying to keep tabs on this scholarship.
Many
of the pieces on this list, especially in sections 0.2, 1.1, and 1.2.
Tarleton
sent from my iphone, sorry for my fat fingers.
On May 30, 2016, at 4:09 PM, Elizabeth Anne Watkins < writetowatkins@gmail.com <javascript:;>> wrote:
The Yale Information Society Project recently held a spectacular conference on Algorithmic Accountability, which may be of interest:
On Mon, May 30, 2016 at 3:36 PM, Alex Gekker <gekker.alex@gmail.com <javascript:;>> wrote:
Hi list,
I've been running into a lot of writing criticising the notion of "algorithms are neutral" recently, but yet to find a scholarly work that tackles the subject yet. Any recommendations?
Here are some examples for the types of arguments I'm interested in:
http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/04/go-tweak-yourself-face...
https://socialmediacollective.org/2016/05/18/facebook-trends/
thanks, Alex.
=======
Alex Gekker, PhD Candidate (Promovendus), Media and Culture, Utrecht University. Charting the Digital http://www.digitalcartography.eu/ http://alexgekker.com a.gekker@uu.nl <javascript:;> <//a.gekker@uu.nl <javascript:;>> | _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org <javascript:;> mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org <javascript:;> mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
-- Sent from my transhuman digital interface _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
_______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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Alex This is awesome! Thanks so much for putting together. ________________________________________ From: Air-L <air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org> on behalf of Alex Gekker <gekker.alex@gmail.com> Sent: Wednesday, June 1, 2016 4:48 AM To: air-l@listserv.aoir.org Subject: Re: [Air-L] agency / neutrality of algorithms Hi everyone, The response has been amazing, thank you all for your wonderful suggestions on and off list. And sorry if I missed someone in responding personally. I took the liberty of putting together a public Google Doc with all the suggestions. I tried to keep it short but provide context where original authors supplied few lines of elaboration. The list is freely editable, so if you feel there's something missing or would rather not have your suggestions there - please edit it or email me and I'll do it. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1OaAnpaLaOQs0YgUaPZ0lEThy0EI9_RrjtrqdQYBY... regards, Alex. On Wed, Jun 1, 2016 at 12:51 AM Malte Ziewitz <mziewitz@gmail.com> wrote:
Alex, if you are specifically interested in the research strategy of 'ethicizing' analytic objects, the following exchange might be a good starting point:
Kraemer, Felicitas, Kees Overveld, and Martin Peterson. 2010. “Is There an Ethics of Algorithms?” Ethics and Information Technology 13 (3): 251–60. doi:10.1007/s10676-010-9233-7.
Anderson, Robert J., and Wesley W. Sharrock. 2013. “Ethical Algorithms: A Brief Comment on an Extensive Muddle.”,
http://www.sharrockandanderson.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Ethical-Algo...
Taken together, the two articles highlight some of the (fascinating) issues that arise from adding epithets like 'ethical,' 'neutral,' 'moral', etc. to computational phenomena.
All best, Malte
On Tue, May 31, 2016 at 6:23 PM, Josh Scannell <joshua.scannell@gmail.com> wrote:
I'm a lurker on this listserv but I would like to second this list. It is invaluable.
On Monday, May 30, 2016, Tarleton L. Gillespie <tlg28@cornell.edu> wrote:
I'd like to recommend this:
https://socialmediacollective.org/reading-lists/critical-algorithm-studies/
Nick Seaver and I had been trying to keep tabs on this scholarship.
Many
of the pieces on this list, especially in sections 0.2, 1.1, and 1.2.
Tarleton
sent from my iphone, sorry for my fat fingers.
On May 30, 2016, at 4:09 PM, Elizabeth Anne Watkins < writetowatkins@gmail.com <javascript:;>> wrote:
The Yale Information Society Project recently held a spectacular conference on Algorithmic Accountability, which may be of interest:
On Mon, May 30, 2016 at 3:36 PM, Alex Gekker <gekker.alex@gmail.com <javascript:;>> wrote:
Hi list,
I've been running into a lot of writing criticising the notion of "algorithms are neutral" recently, but yet to find a scholarly work that tackles the subject yet. Any recommendations?
Here are some examples for the types of arguments I'm interested in:
http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/04/go-tweak-yourself-face...
https://socialmediacollective.org/2016/05/18/facebook-trends/
thanks, Alex.
=======
Alex Gekker, PhD Candidate (Promovendus), Media and Culture, Utrecht University. Charting the Digital http://www.digitalcartography.eu/ http://alexgekker.com a.gekker@uu.nl <javascript:;> <//a.gekker@uu.nl <javascript:;>> | _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org <javascript:;> mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
-- Sent from my transhuman digital interface _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
_______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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Just a shout out of gratitude to all those contributing on this thread. I have been beating my brains out on the algorithm thing. cc On Wed, Jun 1, 2016 at 7:17 AM, Andrew Herman <aherman@wlu.ca> wrote:
Alex
This is awesome! Thanks so much for putting together. ________________________________________ From: Air-L <air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org> on behalf of Alex Gekker < gekker.alex@gmail.com> Sent: Wednesday, June 1, 2016 4:48 AM To: air-l@listserv.aoir.org Subject: Re: [Air-L] agency / neutrality of algorithms
Hi everyone,
The response has been amazing, thank you all for your wonderful suggestions on and off list. And sorry if I missed someone in responding personally. I took the liberty of putting together a public Google Doc with all the suggestions. I tried to keep it short but provide context where original authors supplied few lines of elaboration. The list is freely editable, so if you feel there's something missing or would rather not have your suggestions there - please edit it or email me and I'll do it.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1OaAnpaLaOQs0YgUaPZ0lEThy0EI9_RrjtrqdQYBY...
regards, Alex.
On Wed, Jun 1, 2016 at 12:51 AM Malte Ziewitz <mziewitz@gmail.com> wrote:
Alex, if you are specifically interested in the research strategy of 'ethicizing' analytic objects, the following exchange might be a good starting point:
Kraemer, Felicitas, Kees Overveld, and Martin Peterson. 2010. “Is There an Ethics of Algorithms?” Ethics and Information Technology 13 (3): 251–60. doi:10.1007/s10676-010-9233-7.
Anderson, Robert J., and Wesley W. Sharrock. 2013. “Ethical Algorithms: A Brief Comment on an Extensive Muddle.”,
http://www.sharrockandanderson.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Ethical-Algo...
Taken together, the two articles highlight some of the (fascinating)
issues
that arise from adding epithets like 'ethical,' 'neutral,' 'moral', etc. to computational phenomena.
All best, Malte
On Tue, May 31, 2016 at 6:23 PM, Josh Scannell < joshua.scannell@gmail.com> wrote:
I'm a lurker on this listserv but I would like to second this list. It is invaluable.
On Monday, May 30, 2016, Tarleton L. Gillespie <tlg28@cornell.edu> wrote:
I'd like to recommend this:
https://socialmediacollective.org/reading-lists/critical-algorithm-studies/
Nick Seaver and I had been trying to keep tabs on this scholarship.
Many
of the pieces on this list, especially in sections 0.2, 1.1, and 1.2.
Tarleton
sent from my iphone, sorry for my fat fingers.
On May 30, 2016, at 4:09 PM, Elizabeth Anne Watkins < writetowatkins@gmail.com <javascript:;>> wrote:
The Yale Information Society Project recently held a spectacular conference on Algorithmic Accountability, which may be of interest:
On Mon, May 30, 2016 at 3:36 PM, Alex Gekker < gekker.alex@gmail.com <javascript:;>> wrote:
Hi list,
I've been running into a lot of writing criticising the notion of "algorithms are neutral" recently, but yet to find a scholarly work that tackles the subject yet. Any recommendations?
Here are some examples for the types of arguments I'm interested in:
http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/04/go-tweak-yourself-face...
https://socialmediacollective.org/2016/05/18/facebook-trends/
thanks, Alex.
=======
Alex Gekker, PhD Candidate (Promovendus), Media and Culture, Utrecht University. Charting the Digital http://www.digitalcartography.eu/ http://alexgekker.com a.gekker@uu.nl <javascript:;> <//a.gekker@uu.nl <javascript:;>> | _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org <javascript:;> mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
-- Sent from my transhuman digital interface _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/ _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
-- -- Carolina Cambre PhD Assistant Professor Concordia University, Montreal https://concordia.academia.edu/mariacarolinacambre Centre for Global Citizenship Education & Research Fellow http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-9781472505293/
Hi everyone, In my view, the most important work on algorithms (and super influential) is being done by Zeynep Tufekci: https://princeton.academia.edu/ZeynepTufekci Best, Monika On Wed, Jun 1, 2016 at 9:17 PM, Andrew Herman <aherman@wlu.ca> wrote:
Alex
This is awesome! Thanks so much for putting together. ________________________________________ From: Air-L <air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org> on behalf of Alex Gekker < gekker.alex@gmail.com> Sent: Wednesday, June 1, 2016 4:48 AM To: air-l@listserv.aoir.org Subject: Re: [Air-L] agency / neutrality of algorithms
Hi everyone,
The response has been amazing, thank you all for your wonderful suggestions on and off list. And sorry if I missed someone in responding personally. I took the liberty of putting together a public Google Doc with all the suggestions. I tried to keep it short but provide context where original authors supplied few lines of elaboration. The list is freely editable, so if you feel there's something missing or would rather not have your suggestions there - please edit it or email me and I'll do it.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1OaAnpaLaOQs0YgUaPZ0lEThy0EI9_RrjtrqdQYBY...
regards, Alex.
On Wed, Jun 1, 2016 at 12:51 AM Malte Ziewitz <mziewitz@gmail.com> wrote:
Alex, if you are specifically interested in the research strategy of 'ethicizing' analytic objects, the following exchange might be a good starting point:
Kraemer, Felicitas, Kees Overveld, and Martin Peterson. 2010. “Is There an Ethics of Algorithms?” Ethics and Information Technology 13 (3): 251–60. doi:10.1007/s10676-010-9233-7.
Anderson, Robert J., and Wesley W. Sharrock. 2013. “Ethical Algorithms: A Brief Comment on an Extensive Muddle.”,
http://www.sharrockandanderson.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Ethical-Algo...
Taken together, the two articles highlight some of the (fascinating)
issues
that arise from adding epithets like 'ethical,' 'neutral,' 'moral', etc. to computational phenomena.
All best, Malte
On Tue, May 31, 2016 at 6:23 PM, Josh Scannell < joshua.scannell@gmail.com> wrote:
I'm a lurker on this listserv but I would like to second this list. It is invaluable.
On Monday, May 30, 2016, Tarleton L. Gillespie <tlg28@cornell.edu> wrote:
I'd like to recommend this:
https://socialmediacollective.org/reading-lists/critical-algorithm-studies/
Nick Seaver and I had been trying to keep tabs on this scholarship.
Many
of the pieces on this list, especially in sections 0.2, 1.1, and 1.2.
Tarleton
sent from my iphone, sorry for my fat fingers.
On May 30, 2016, at 4:09 PM, Elizabeth Anne Watkins < writetowatkins@gmail.com <javascript:;>> wrote:
The Yale Information Society Project recently held a spectacular conference on Algorithmic Accountability, which may be of interest:
On Mon, May 30, 2016 at 3:36 PM, Alex Gekker < gekker.alex@gmail.com <javascript:;>> wrote:
Hi list,
I've been running into a lot of writing criticising the notion of "algorithms are neutral" recently, but yet to find a scholarly work that tackles the subject yet. Any recommendations?
Here are some examples for the types of arguments I'm interested in:
http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/04/go-tweak-yourself-face...
https://socialmediacollective.org/2016/05/18/facebook-trends/
thanks, Alex.
=======
Alex Gekker, PhD Candidate (Promovendus), Media and Culture, Utrecht University. Charting the Digital http://www.digitalcartography.eu/ http://alexgekker.com a.gekker@uu.nl <javascript:;> <//a.gekker@uu.nl <javascript:;>> | _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org <javascript:;> mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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-- ---- Monika Zalnieriute, PhD Melbourne Law School | The University of Melbourne I law.unimelb.edu.au I Center for Media, Data and Society I Central European University I cmds.ceu.edu I Executive Committee I Non-Commercial Stakeholder Group I ICANN I icann.org I Z E P H I R O : Progressive Platform for Human Rights I zephiroplatform.org I Centre for Internet & Human Rights I European University Viadrina I cihr.eu I
Has anyone come across any papers that dive into the tech details of the algorithms themselves, particularly for machine learning, in this context? There’s a great one by Jenna Burrell: “How the machine ‘thinks’, Understanding opacity in machine learning algorithms”, but wondering if there are others? Thanks!! On 1 June 2016 at 12:17, Andrew Herman <aherman@wlu.ca> wrote:
Alex
This is awesome! Thanks so much for putting together. ________________________________________ From: Air-L <air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org> on behalf of Alex Gekker <gekker.alex@gmail.com> Sent: Wednesday, June 1, 2016 4:48 AM To: air-l@listserv.aoir.org Subject: Re: [Air-L] agency / neutrality of algorithms
Hi everyone,
The response has been amazing, thank you all for your wonderful suggestions on and off list. And sorry if I missed someone in responding personally. I took the liberty of putting together a public Google Doc with all the suggestions. I tried to keep it short but provide context where original authors supplied few lines of elaboration. The list is freely editable, so if you feel there's something missing or would rather not have your suggestions there - please edit it or email me and I'll do it.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1OaAnpaLaOQs0YgUaPZ0lEThy0EI9_RrjtrqdQYBY...
regards, Alex.
On Wed, Jun 1, 2016 at 12:51 AM Malte Ziewitz <mziewitz@gmail.com> wrote:
Alex, if you are specifically interested in the research strategy of 'ethicizing' analytic objects, the following exchange might be a good starting point:
Kraemer, Felicitas, Kees Overveld, and Martin Peterson. 2010. “Is There an Ethics of Algorithms?” Ethics and Information Technology 13 (3): 251–60. doi:10.1007/s10676-010-9233-7.
Anderson, Robert J., and Wesley W. Sharrock. 2013. “Ethical Algorithms: A Brief Comment on an Extensive Muddle.”,
http://www.sharrockandanderson.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Ethical-Algo...
Taken together, the two articles highlight some of the (fascinating) issues that arise from adding epithets like 'ethical,' 'neutral,' 'moral', etc. to computational phenomena.
All best, Malte
On Tue, May 31, 2016 at 6:23 PM, Josh Scannell <joshua.scannell@gmail.com> wrote:
I'm a lurker on this listserv but I would like to second this list. It is invaluable.
On Monday, May 30, 2016, Tarleton L. Gillespie <tlg28@cornell.edu> wrote:
I'd like to recommend this:
https://socialmediacollective.org/reading-lists/critical-algorithm-studies/
Nick Seaver and I had been trying to keep tabs on this scholarship.
Many
of the pieces on this list, especially in sections 0.2, 1.1, and 1.2.
Tarleton
sent from my iphone, sorry for my fat fingers.
On May 30, 2016, at 4:09 PM, Elizabeth Anne Watkins < writetowatkins@gmail.com <javascript:;>> wrote:
The Yale Information Society Project recently held a spectacular conference on Algorithmic Accountability, which may be of interest:
On Mon, May 30, 2016 at 3:36 PM, Alex Gekker <gekker.alex@gmail.com <javascript:;>> wrote:
Hi list,
I've been running into a lot of writing criticising the notion of "algorithms are neutral" recently, but yet to find a scholarly work that tackles the subject yet. Any recommendations?
Here are some examples for the types of arguments I'm interested in:
http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/04/go-tweak-yourself-face...
https://socialmediacollective.org/2016/05/18/facebook-trends/
thanks, Alex.
=======
Alex Gekker, PhD Candidate (Promovendus), Media and Culture, Utrecht University. Charting the Digital http://www.digitalcartography.eu/ http://alexgekker.com a.gekker@uu.nl <javascript:;> <//a.gekker@uu.nl <javascript:;>> | _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org <javascript:;> mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org <javascript:;> mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
-- Sent from my transhuman digital interface _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/ _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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Dear All, my paper on Facebook will come out in Theory, Culture and Society soon. Here’s the abstract This article suggests that Facebook embodies a new logic of corporate governance, what has been termed the ‘social logic of the derivative’. The logic of the derivative is rooted in the now dominant financial level of the capitalist economy, and is mediated by social media and the algorithmic processing of large digital data sets. This article makes three precise claims: First, that the modus operandi of Facebook mirrors the operations of derivative financial instruments. Second, that the algorithms that Facebook uses share a genealogy with those of derivative financial instruments- both are outcomes of the influence of the ‘cyber sciences’ on managerial practice in the post-War years. Third, that the future potential of Facebook lies its ability to apply the logic of derivatives to the financial valuation of ordinary social relations, thus further extending the process of financialization of everyday and a link to an early draft https://www.academia.edu/25797570/Facebook_and_Finance._On_the_Social_Logic_... <https://www.academia.edu/25797570/Facebook_and_Finance._On_the_Social_Logic_of_the_Derivative> best adam Adam Arvidsson Associate Professor Department of Social and Political Sciences University of Milano via Conservatorio 7, 20122 Milano +39-0250321209 adam.arvidsson@unimi.it
On 03 Jun 2016, at 14:32, Jat Singh <Jatinder.Singh@cl.cam.ac.uk> wrote:
Has anyone come across any papers that dive into the tech details of the algorithms themselves, particularly for machine learning, in this context?
There’s a great one by Jenna Burrell: “How the machine ‘thinks’, Understanding opacity in machine learning algorithms”, but wondering if there are others?
Thanks!!
On 1 June 2016 at 12:17, Andrew Herman <aherman@wlu.ca> wrote:
Alex
This is awesome! Thanks so much for putting together. ________________________________________ From: Air-L <air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org> on behalf of Alex Gekker <gekker.alex@gmail.com> Sent: Wednesday, June 1, 2016 4:48 AM To: air-l@listserv.aoir.org Subject: Re: [Air-L] agency / neutrality of algorithms
Hi everyone,
The response has been amazing, thank you all for your wonderful suggestions on and off list. And sorry if I missed someone in responding personally. I took the liberty of putting together a public Google Doc with all the suggestions. I tried to keep it short but provide context where original authors supplied few lines of elaboration. The list is freely editable, so if you feel there's something missing or would rather not have your suggestions there - please edit it or email me and I'll do it.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1OaAnpaLaOQs0YgUaPZ0lEThy0EI9_RrjtrqdQYBY...
regards, Alex.
On Wed, Jun 1, 2016 at 12:51 AM Malte Ziewitz <mziewitz@gmail.com> wrote:
Alex, if you are specifically interested in the research strategy of 'ethicizing' analytic objects, the following exchange might be a good starting point:
Kraemer, Felicitas, Kees Overveld, and Martin Peterson. 2010. “Is There an Ethics of Algorithms?” Ethics and Information Technology 13 (3): 251–60. doi:10.1007/s10676-010-9233-7.
Anderson, Robert J., and Wesley W. Sharrock. 2013. “Ethical Algorithms: A Brief Comment on an Extensive Muddle.”,
http://www.sharrockandanderson.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Ethical-Algo...
Taken together, the two articles highlight some of the (fascinating) issues that arise from adding epithets like 'ethical,' 'neutral,' 'moral', etc. to computational phenomena.
All best, Malte
On Tue, May 31, 2016 at 6:23 PM, Josh Scannell <joshua.scannell@gmail.com> wrote:
I'm a lurker on this listserv but I would like to second this list. It is invaluable.
On Monday, May 30, 2016, Tarleton L. Gillespie <tlg28@cornell.edu> wrote:
I'd like to recommend this:
https://socialmediacollective.org/reading-lists/critical-algorithm-studies/
Nick Seaver and I had been trying to keep tabs on this scholarship.
Many
of the pieces on this list, especially in sections 0.2, 1.1, and 1.2.
Tarleton
sent from my iphone, sorry for my fat fingers.
On May 30, 2016, at 4:09 PM, Elizabeth Anne Watkins < writetowatkins@gmail.com <javascript:;>> wrote:
The Yale Information Society Project recently held a spectacular conference on Algorithmic Accountability, which may be of interest:
> On Mon, May 30, 2016 at 3:36 PM, Alex Gekker <gekker.alex@gmail.com <javascript:;>> wrote: > > Hi list, > > I've been running into a lot of writing criticising the notion of > "algorithms are neutral" recently, but yet to find a scholarly work that > tackles the subject yet. Any recommendations? > > Here are some examples for the types of arguments I'm interested in: > > >
http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/04/go-tweak-yourself-face...
> https://socialmediacollective.org/2016/05/18/facebook-trends/ > > thanks, > Alex. > > > ======= > > Alex Gekker, PhD Candidate (Promovendus), Media and Culture, Utrecht > University. > Charting the Digital http://www.digitalcartography.eu/ > http://alexgekker.com > a.gekker@uu.nl <javascript:;> <//a.gekker@uu.nl <javascript:;>> | > _______________________________________________ > The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org <javascript:;> mailing list > is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org > Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: > http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org > > Join the Association of Internet Researchers: > http://www.aoir.org/ _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org <javascript:;> mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
-- Sent from my transhuman digital interface _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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Hi list I've really liked the discussion/posts on neutrality of algorithms. In respond to the technical question, I suggest that it is also important to look a little broader. The recent focus on 'algorithms' as a named topic is preceded by previous discussion the affordances of computer programming. See for example the early work by Weizenbaum (1976), Computer power and human reason. Rather than capture the affordances of specific algorithms, I tried to capture the affordances in programming in Henman (1995) 'The role of computers in texturing micro-social environments' Journal of Sociology/Australian and New Zealand Journal of sociology, and Kent (1978) Data and reality, captured aspects of how databases structure the world in their constructing of database items and categories, a topic that remains pertinent to this day. Those observations also relate nicely to the work on sociology of standards and categories (see Bowker and Starr, Soring things out; Busch, standards). Another key point made by Weizenbaum, which I reiterated in Henman (2002) "Computer modeling and the politics of greenhouse gas policy in Australia." Social science computer review, is that computer code, models and algorithms are very much a black box, and as such embed hard to contest operations of power. These observations can also be broadened to literature on the politics of technologies - see Langdon Winner's work, and particularly his classic, Do artefacts have politics. Hope this is helpful. Paul Paul Henman Associate Professor of Social Policy and Sociology Head of Sociology Program Director, BSocSci School of Social Science University of Queensland QLD 4072 T: +61 7 3365 2765 | E: P.Henman@uq.edu.au | W: www.digitalsocialpolicy.com -----Original Message----- From: Air-L [mailto:air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org] On Behalf Of Jat Singh Sent: Friday, 3 June 2016 10:32 PM Cc: air-l@listserv.aoir.org Subject: Re: [Air-L] agency / neutrality of algorithms Has anyone come across any papers that dive into the tech details of the algorithms themselves, particularly for machine learning, in this context? There’s a great one by Jenna Burrell: “How the machine ‘thinks’, Understanding opacity in machine learning algorithms”, but wondering if there are others? Thanks!! On 1 June 2016 at 12:17, Andrew Herman <aherman@wlu.ca> wrote:
Alex
This is awesome! Thanks so much for putting together. ________________________________________ From: Air-L <air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org> on behalf of Alex Gekker <gekker.alex@gmail.com> Sent: Wednesday, June 1, 2016 4:48 AM To: air-l@listserv.aoir.org Subject: Re: [Air-L] agency / neutrality of algorithms
Hi everyone,
The response has been amazing, thank you all for your wonderful suggestions on and off list. And sorry if I missed someone in responding personally. I took the liberty of putting together a public Google Doc with all the suggestions. I tried to keep it short but provide context where original authors supplied few lines of elaboration. The list is freely editable, so if you feel there's something missing or would rather not have your suggestions there - please edit it or email me and I'll do it.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1OaAnpaLaOQs0YgUaPZ0lEThy0EI9_Rrjtr qdQYBYHMs/edit?usp=sharing
regards, Alex.
On Wed, Jun 1, 2016 at 12:51 AM Malte Ziewitz <mziewitz@gmail.com> wrote:
Alex, if you are specifically interested in the research strategy of 'ethicizing' analytic objects, the following exchange might be a good starting point:
Kraemer, Felicitas, Kees Overveld, and Martin Peterson. 2010. “Is There an Ethics of Algorithms?” Ethics and Information Technology 13 (3): 251–60. doi:10.1007/s10676-010-9233-7.
Anderson, Robert J., and Wesley W. Sharrock. 2013. “Ethical Algorithms: A Brief Comment on an Extensive Muddle.”,
http://www.sharrockandanderson.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Ethic al-Algorithms.pdf
Taken together, the two articles highlight some of the (fascinating) issues that arise from adding epithets like 'ethical,' 'neutral,' 'moral', etc. to computational phenomena.
All best, Malte
On Tue, May 31, 2016 at 6:23 PM, Josh Scannell <joshua.scannell@gmail.com> wrote:
I'm a lurker on this listserv but I would like to second this list. It is invaluable.
On Monday, May 30, 2016, Tarleton L. Gillespie <tlg28@cornell.edu> wrote:
I'd like to recommend this:
https://socialmediacollective.org/reading-lists/critical-algorithm-st udies/
Nick Seaver and I had been trying to keep tabs on this scholarship.
Many
of the pieces on this list, especially in sections 0.2, 1.1, and 1.2.
Tarleton
sent from my iphone, sorry for my fat fingers.
On May 30, 2016, at 4:09 PM, Elizabeth Anne Watkins < writetowatkins@gmail.com <javascript:;>> wrote:
The Yale Information Society Project recently held a spectacular conference on Algorithmic Accountability, which may be of interest:
On Mon, May 30, 2016 at 3:36 PM, Alex Gekker <gekker.alex@gmail.com <javascript:;>> wrote:
Hi list,
I've been running into a lot of writing criticising the notion of "algorithms are neutral" recently, but yet to find a scholarly work that tackles the subject yet. Any recommendations?
Here are some examples for the types of arguments I'm interested in:
http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/04/go-tweak-yourse lf-facebook/480258/
https://socialmediacollective.org/2016/05/18/facebook-trends/
thanks, Alex.
=======
Alex Gekker, PhD Candidate (Promovendus), Media and Culture, Utrecht University. Charting the Digital http://www.digitalcartography.eu/ http://alexgekker.com a.gekker@uu.nl <javascript:;> <//a.gekker@uu.nl <javascript:;>> | _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org <javascript:;> mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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-- Sent from my transhuman digital interface _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/ _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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On Mon, May 30, 2016 at 4:09 PM, Elizabeth Anne Watkins < writetowatkins@gmail.com> wrote:
The Yale Information Society Project recently held a spectacular conference on Algorithmic Accountability, which may be of interest:
NYU has also done a couple 2015 - http://www.law.nyu.edu/centers/ili/algorithmsconference 2016 - http://www.law.nyu.edu/bernstein-institute/conference-2016 -- --------------------------------------------------------------- Joly MacFie 218 565 9365 Skype:punkcast -------------------------------------------------------------- -
I should also mention then that I've recently attended the very interesting Streams of Consciousness conference, organised by Nate Tkacz and Ana Gross, where some of the presentation were also quite relevant. Mostly in relation to the interplay between algorithmic interfaces, economic dashboards and human cognition. They should also have VOD of the conference up soon. http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/cross_fac/cim/research/interrogating-the-dashb... On Wed, Jun 1, 2016 at 2:25 PM Joly MacFie <joly@punkcast.com> wrote:
On Mon, May 30, 2016 at 4:09 PM, Elizabeth Anne Watkins < writetowatkins@gmail.com> wrote:
The Yale Information Society Project recently held a spectacular conference on Algorithmic Accountability, which may be of interest:
NYU has also done a couple
2015 - http://www.law.nyu.edu/centers/ili/algorithmsconference
2016 - http://www.law.nyu.edu/bernstein-institute/conference-2016
-- --------------------------------------------------------------- Joly MacFie 218 565 9365 Skype:punkcast -------------------------------------------------------------- -
Hi Alex, Personally, I think that the notion of algorithm is way to broad to talk about “neutrality” (again, super vague) in very interesting terms. But I would really recommend the volume by Custers et al. on Data Mining (http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-642-30487-3). They get the technology right (half of the authors are from CS/IS), but also they put something of substance behind the notion of neutrality. Also, this paper by Barocas and Selbst on Big Data’s “disparate impact” (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2477899) is simply spectacular. best, Bernhard
On 30 May 2016, at 21:36 , Alex Gekker <gekker.alex@gmail.com> wrote:
Hi list,
I've been running into a lot of writing criticising the notion of "algorithms are neutral" recently, but yet to find a scholarly work that tackles the subject yet. Any recommendations?
Here are some examples for the types of arguments I'm interested in:
http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/04/go-tweak-yourself-face... https://socialmediacollective.org/2016/05/18/facebook-trends/
thanks, Alex.
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Alex Gekker, PhD Candidate (Promovendus), Media and Culture, Utrecht University. Charting the Digital http://www.digitalcartography.eu/ http://alexgekker.com a.gekker@uu.nl <//a.gekker@uu.nl> | _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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participants (14)
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Adam Arvidsson -
Alex Gekker -
Andrew Herman -
Bernhard Rieder -
Elizabeth Anne Watkins -
Jat Singh -
Joly MacFie -
Josh Scannell -
Malte Ziewitz -
MC Cambre -
Paul Henman -
Tarleton L. Gillespie -
Unsworth,Kristene -
zalnieriute .