Thanks to Brian, Gilbert, and Michael. I should clarify: the texts that i'm being asked to procure permission for are actually images. They're screenshots of the three websites' homepages used to help readers get a visual marker for the discourses examined of the article. To me, this complicates the discussion so far; in what way am i violating a website's copyright by reproducing a screen capture of their home page? i can see the problem (kinda, but not really) with reproducing huge chunks of text, or film clips, or audio performances longer than 6 seconds because i know of the deleterious effects on content industries of copyright violation </sarcasm>. i think the comments earlier about the chilling effects of copyright violation are on point. Whether in the EU, AU, or US, we (as AoIRies ('pronounced AIR-rhees')) should consider discussing this in greater detail at Gothenburg* and in this forum to come up with something similar to the ALA's guidelines on copyright and fair use, but focused on Internet/New Media Research. Carry on, André *those of us who can afford to go. -- Andre Brock Assistant Professor - Library and Information Science/POROI University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242