Re: [Air-l] Wikipedia warning -- Wikipedia is not a reliable information source
Quick response to comments and questions 1) Ulf-Dietrich Reips asks, "How many citations of Wikipedia entries have your students really handed in to you that were a) not backed up by another source, and, b) found to be inaccurate?" I did not keep count. I have noticed a significant increase in Wikipedia use over the past year, and I notice that students who DO use Wikipedia often use it as a single source. The inaccuracies I observe tend to be a difference between these students and those who draw on a wide range of sources. This is a simple way to push them in another direction. My focus is on using multiple sources regardless of how good any one source may be. Given the use of Wikipedia as a proxy for research, my simple counterbalance is a proxy measure for those who do not search more widely in the first place. 2) Judd Antin writes, "For my own part, I often find that Wikipedia is a valuable place to start exploration, especially in areas that I know little about. Wikipedia articles often provide me with the background and context I need to begin exploration. This, IMHO, is the type of use we should promote." Without disagreeing with or contesting Judd's other points, I want to say that Judd and I agree here. I don't tell students not to use Wikipedia at all. It is a good starting point for background information and leads. What I tell students them is that I no longer accept Wikipedia as a source. As Judd writes, Wikipedia macro-level principle works, but the micro-level is too often flawed. While tools like the History Flow are interesting for those who want to research an article, I'd rather have students check multiple sources than myself have to check each article -- and its provenance -- when I see a Wikipedia reference. I do not wish to be a fact checker for student research papers. 3) Peter Steinberger writes, "To be consequent you have to ban all other Internet sources too. And all the magazines that are peer reviewed too, because lately they made some major mistakes too." I don't see it this way. There are many good on-line sources, and I work with students teaching them how to explore, evaluate, and use multiple sources comparatively, including on-line sources. The issue here is the likelihood of major mistakes, and especially the unchecked occurrence of malicious hoaxes and fraud. You may defraud a scholarly journal, but you must do so by faking your evidence in a sophisticated way and getting it past the reviewers. All it takes to defraud Wikipedia and set fake facts loose is to log on and write -- or rewrite -- an entry. For the moment, I argue that prohibiting Wikipedia as a source will enhance the debate by increasing the pressure on Wikipedia to find a better correction mechanism. 4) Jill Walker writes, "Our department has recently instated a similar prohibition against using the Wikipedia as a source in student papers. Our line has been that the Wikipedia is one of many useful places to start doing research on a topic, but that it is rarely valid as a final source for research. Many articles do provide good overviews and more importantly, they often link to primary sources which CAN be good, citable resources in student papers." Thanks for this note. Again, I agree, and I find myself in agreement with the other issues she raises as well. One note: this is not a school policy. It is my own policy. I have proposed this at the department level, though, and I plan to take it up the line. 5) Ulf-Dietrich Reips correctly notes that I misspelled John Seigenthaler's name. Alas, I did so twice. And I just did it again before correcting myself. But my note was not the "source" on Seigenthaler, and the sources I gave had it right. Rather, this was an example. My note was a source of information on a situation and my action in response to the situation. -- Ken Friedman Professor of Leadership and Strategic Design Institute for Communication, Culture, and Language Norwegian School of Management Design Research Center Denmark's Design School email: ken.friedman@bi.no
What strikes me in this discussion is that... it ignores an opportunity to encourage students to learn what a good source is and what isn't. Given rules doesn't work, because when they rules disappear, many students return to the forbidden behaviors. Instead of making rules, I encourage students to use appropriate sources and I grade them in that regard along with every other aspect of their work. That way they learn, over the period a course of learning to discern good sources from bad sources. Wikipedia is neither a good, nor a bad source, but for my courses, it and other encyclopedias are fairly inadequate because the 'facts of the matter' that encyclopedias provide are not really what I want students to focus on, I want them to focus on arguments, problems, and issues, and those are usually best exemplified in scholarly literatures, and not oft found in any detail in encyclopedias. anyway, this is my opinion: arguments about wikipedia are moot in the face of arguments in favor teaching students to discern the relevancy of any given material for any given project. On Dec 4, 2005, at 4:50 PM, Ken Friedman wrote: jeremy hunsinger jhuns@vt.edu www.cddc.vt.edu jeremy.tmttlt.com www.tmttlt.com () ascii ribbon campaign - against html mail /\ - against microsoft attachments http://http://www.stswiki.org/ sts wiki
There are really at least a couple of issues here, and I have a feeling that they are being conflated: 1. Is Wikipedia an accurate source of information? This is one of those silly questions like "is filesharing a good thing"? There is no binary reply. It is more accurate than some sources and less accurate than other sources. I've done some preliminary work on this, and one possible answer is "it's good enough to make finding inconsistencies very difficult." I would be very interested in inaccuracies people have found that are systemic rather than anecdotal. There are great anecdotal stories of inaccuracies in all kinds of scholarly work. Now the difficulty comes in measuring both the coverage and the accuracy of Wikipedia, two things that I believe are closely related. A graduate student and I are working on one way to measure this. 2. Is Wikipedia a good source for citation in an academic paper? I think it is fair to say that the answer to this is "no." But then, I would have never though to use a citation to *any* encyclopedia past the fifth grade or so. While expectations for citation vary from field to field and from culture to culture, we tend to think of encyclopediae as common books of knowledge, and useful tools for discovering both facts and sources of analyses. While particular articles might stand as exceptions because of their authors (I'm thinking of things like Husserl's article on phenomenology for the 1927 Encyclopedia Britannica), generally encyclopediae shouldn't be used as citable sources. But this seems far less an issue of the rampant incursion of a new form of knowledge assembly, and more a question of educating critical writers to the culture of secondary research and citation. I can't imagine a similar department-wide ban on citing *anything*. Indeed, it seems to me that when students do this, the faculty as a whole shares some of the blame for not teaching them what they *should* be citing. I am sure that most of you experienced (and perhaps still experience) similar deficits in student citation early in the days of the web, when students uncritically accepted what they found on websites. I think that they are probably exercising more judgment when (if!) they look at Wikipedia and its structure and decide that it is citable. It seems a more sensible way of treating the issue is not a ban on Wikipedia citation, or the creation of an Academic Index of Unworthy Websites--which will grow quite long, quite quickly--but rather educating our students to be savvy enough to critically consider the media they consume, and cognizant of the cultural expectations of academic citation. The better rule, if a rule is to be handed down by the faculty, might be "cite like we do." Alex
participants (3)
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Alex Halavais -
Jeremy Hunsinger -
Ken Friedman