Re: [Air-l] The History of that "Other" Internet: PLATO
Quite scary that this just popped up: http://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/01/business/yourmoney/01BOSS.html New York Times December 1, 2002 Speaking Mind to Mind By Ray Ozzie [Written with Glenn Rifkin] There's no question that right from birth, I was a nerd. My grandfather was a sheet-metal worker for the Illinois Central Railroad, and he had this great workshop in our house. I was fascinated watching him bend sheet metal into things like a pot for my grandmother. I got the entrepreneur's bug from my father. He founded his own insurance agency, and as a kid I would hang out at the office, stuffing envelopes, doing odd jobs. My father taught me: if you have a passion, go with it. He loved people, talking to clients. But he said to me: "Never become an insurance broker. I know you. You're not the type." Instead, he encouraged my love of technology. He brought home chemistry sets, dry cells, light bulbs, switches and things like that. I built signaling devices around the house. We built a crystal radio set together. I had my career-defining moment in college, in the early 1970's. I was an electrical engineering major at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and had a job as an electronic technician. On my way to work, I kept passing this building that had a strange orange glow emanating from the windows. I looked in and saw people sitting at rows and rows of terminals. The system was called Plato, a computer system built in the late 1960's by Don Bitzer, Paul Tenczar and an amazing team of bright, eccentric, creative individuals. It was unique and way ahead of its time. Of course, I wangled myself a job as a systems programmer on Plato. There were a thousand terminals connected to the mainframe, half on campus and the other half at universities around the world. It was amazing. It had instant messaging, e-mail, online discussions, interactive games. Remember, this was 1974! I was assigned to work on a project online with a programmer in a different part of Urbana-Champaign. We worked for months without meeting. We'd use instant messaging, which on Plato displayed a message in real time, keystroke by keystroke. My partner was obviously brilliant but an incredibly bad typist. It was excruciating, waiting for each letter. He constantly made mistakes. When I finally met him, I was stunned: he was a quadriplegic and had been typing with a stick held in his lips. I realized at that moment that the computer was a medium that enabled communication with people mind to mind, regardless of their physical well-being. You can work with someone without prejudice, and their true talents will be shown. And from then on, I started to focus on how computers could help people work together more effectively. After graduation, I said to myself, "By hook or crook, I am going to build software to recreate the interactive environment I'd used with Plato." That thought led to the creation of Lotus Notes, which sits on nearly 100 million desktops, as well as everything else I've done. --- Ray Ozzie is chief executive of Groove Networks, a software company in Beverly, Mass. Copyright (c) New York Times Company. All Rights Reserved. -end- Art McGee Communications & Technology Consultant amcgee@freeshell.org (510) 967-9381 Circuit Riders International <http://npogroups.org/lists/info/riders> NPO/NGO Media & Technology Calendar <http://amcgee.freeshell.org/mtcalendar.html> Critical Issues in Pan-African Life and Culture <http://lists.aas.duke.edu/mailman/listinfo/afroam-l> Black People Love Us! <http://www.blackpeopleloveus.com> APC ActionApps <http://www.apc.org/actionapps> Information Awareness Office <http://www.darpa.mil/iao>
Why did Plato die (or is it still alive?)...
PLATO "died", or rather, it didn't continue to grow, because it's existence was too closely tied to the Control Data Corporation and it's Cyber computers. As time went on, CDC computers became much more of a tiny niche product, only used for certain limited scientific and engineering apps. Unlike UNIX, NOS and PLATO weren't about to get ported to any new platforms. Even IBM eventually passed CDC in the network front by providing much of the hardware and software that the BITNET ran on. Most important, PLATO "died" due to the rise of more egalitarian computing. In addition to UNIX and it's portability to so many different types of platforms at different costs, the other nail in the coffin was the emergence of the dialup Bulletin Board System, which put the idea of PLATO in the hands of the average person, and took it out of the hands of the elite in universities and research environments. Of course, none of this was unique to PLATO. All the old proprietary systems eventually passed away as people moved on to systems where all could participate. Art McGee Communications & Technology Consultant amcgee@freeshell.org (510) 967-9381
NPO/NGO Media & Technology Calendar: http://amcgee.freeshell.org/mtcalendar.html Art 510-967-9381
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Art McGee