I'm not sure if this has been mentioned previously on the list, but SMS was used by political organizers to coordinate mass demonstrations against President Joseph Estrada in January 2001. In his book SMART MOBS, Howard Rheingold documents the role of text messaging in the popular uprising. Organizers disseminated messages that asked protestors to "swarm" key public locations such as Epfianio de los Santas Avenue. Within less than ninety minutes of the initial call, at least 20,000 protestors had gathered at this historic location. Within four days, the number climbed to more than a million. Estrada was ultimately forced to step down. The preceding account is paraphrased from Cecil Johnson's article in the Star Telegram. For more details, see: http://www.dfw.com/mld/dfw/4647456.htm Best regards, Aaron Delwiche Lecturer, Department of Communication University of Washington e-mail: <mailto:redwood@u.washington.edu> redwood@u.washington.edu