for what it's worth . . . I don't think that this listserve is what the law refers to by "educational purpose." I've always interpreted that to mean a class . . . in which students are enrolled. If I put up material that is otherwise copyright protected, for a class, I have to block others' access. If I limit access to "outsiders" (those not signed up), I can do LOTS of things under fair use that I can't otherwise do. But I don't think a listserve (even of academics) chatting deserves the same level of "protection" under fair use. If it did, the fair use principle would be virtually meaningless, for every group of people who gets together to "exchange" ideas about stuff would then be "free" to claim that their use is educational. . . . I don't like to compromise fair use....cause I really really really want it for my courses . . . Edward Lee Lamoureux, Ph. D. Associate Professor, Speech Communication and Multimedia Editor, Journal of Communication and Religion Bradley University Peoria IL 61625 ell@bradley.edu http://hilltop.bradley.edu/~ell Fax: 309-677-3446