Dear All I am pleased to announce a new book (FREE to download an e-copy at the link below). ‘Artificial Intelligence: Media and Information Literacy, Human Rights and Freedom of Expression’ Published by TheNextMinds for the UNESCO Institute for Information Technologies in Education. Editors: Ibrahim Kushchu, Tuba Demirel Contributing Authors: Igor Shnurenko, Tatiana Murovana, Ibrahim Kushchu The table of contents is below and you can download a free e-copy here: https://thenextminds.com/resources/ ====== Ibrahim KUSHCHU, MBA, MSC., PHD Director, theNextMinds info@thenextminds.com www.thenextminds.com +44 7740143135 ======== CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................... I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................................................................................... II 1. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES............................... 1 1.1 Artificial Intelligence.......................................................................................2 1.1.1 Revisiting The Narrow Artificial Intelligence .......................................3 1.2 Augmented Intelligence: Extending Human and Machine Intelligence...4 1.3 How Does AI Work?........................................................................................5 1.4 Digital Technologies, AI and The Societal Implications..............................6 1.5 Emerging Automation Technologies............................................................8 1.6 Introducing Automation Concepts...............................................................9 1.6.1 Big Data....................................................................................................9 1.6.2 The Cloud...............................................................................................11 1.6.3 The Internet of Things..........................................................................13 1.6.4 Industry 4.0, Automation and Robotics ............................................14 1.6.5 Section Summary..................................................................................16 1.7 What Is So Special with AI? .........................................................................17 1.7.1 The Two Super Powers of AI................................................................18 1.8 Co-Evolution of AI with Society...................................................................20 1.8.1 The Risks of AI.......................................................................................22 1.8.2 Barriers to Beneficial AI .......................................................................22 1.8.3 Beneficial AI and MIL............................................................................24 1.9 Conclusions and Principles of AI for MIL...................................................26 References............................................................................................................27 2. MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY & ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE............ 30 2.1 UNESCO Perspectives on MIL.....................................................................31 2.2 Media and Information Literacy and Socio-Economic Context .............34 2.2.1 Complexity and Uncertainty ...............................................................35 2.2.2 Changes in The Media Environment..................................................36 2.2.3 Post-Truth Era.......................................................................................38 2.2.4 ‘Attention Economy’ and ‘Surveillance Capitalism’............................39 2.3 MIL-Related Challenges Posed by The AI...................................................41 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY, HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION 2.3.1 Filter Bubbles and Echo Chambers....................................................42 2.3.2 AI and Decision-Making in Communication......................................43 2.3.3 Programmed to Be Addictive..............................................................44 2.4 How MIL Can Practically Empower Citizens in The Digital Era................46 2.5 Critical Cognitive and Behavioural Autonomy..........................................49 2.6 Concluding Remarks....................................................................................51 References............................................................................................................52 3. AI IMPACT ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION.................55 3.1 The Context for Human Rights and AI.......................................................56 3.1.1 Human Rights in Information Age and The Arrival of AI .................56 3.1.2 Uncertainty of AI and Human Rights Due Diligence.........................59 3.1.3 AI and The Right to Privacy..................................................................60 3.2 Features and Uses of AI in The Context of Human Rights......................60 3.2.1 AI’s Lack of Predictability: AGI vs. Narrow AI.....................................60 3.2.2 The Dual Aspect of AI-Driven Personalization...................................61 3.2.3 Responsibility Delusion in Automated Decision-Making.................62 3.2.4 Dangerous Use of Consumer Data.....................................................63 3.2.5 AI-Based Surveillance and Tracking....................................................64 3.2.6 AI-Enabled Affect Recognition.............................................................65 3.2.7 AI in Content Moderation....................................................................66 3.2.8 AI-Driven Micro-Targeting....................................................................67 3.2.9 The Corporate Power and The Behavioural Surplus Economy.......67 3.2.10 ‘Prediction Factories’.............................................................................68 3.2.11 AI for Propaganda and Disinformation..............................................68 3.2.12 Fake News and Deep Fakes.................................................................69 3.2.13 Potential to Embed and Perpetuate Bias and Discrimination.........70 3.3 AI Trends for Human Rights........................................................................70 3.3.1 Applying AI to Fight Bias, Discrimination, Inequality and Creating Global Opportunities...........................................................70 3.3.2 Societal Solutions to Challenges of AI................................................72 3.3.3 People’s Control Over Their Data........................................................73 3.3.4 New Dangers for Human Rights.........................................................74 3.3.5 Existential Human Rights Danger: Free Will Under Threat..............74 3.3.6 AI Fast Progress Requires Update of The Human Rights List..........75 3.3.7 Education is Key for Building a Responsible AI.................................76 3.4 Concluding Remarks....................................................................................77 References............................................................................................................77 4. GLOBAL AND NATIONAL APPROACHES TO AI REGULATION........................ 80 4.1 Global Trends: Competition vs. Cooperation............................................81 4.2 Nationalizing AI as a Geopolitical Tool.......................................................81 4.3 AI Regulation as a Tool in AI Race ..............................................................82 4.3.1 Europe: Building Trust..........................................................................82 4.3.2 China: Building Centralized AI-Driven Systems of Control..............84 4.3.3 USA: Focus on Defence and Security..................................................88 4.4 AI May not Be a Silver Bullet to Solve All Problems..................................89 4.5 Concluding Remarks....................................................................................92 References............................................................................................................92 5. PROTECTION OF RIGHTS WITH AI: LEGISLATIVE, REGULATORY AND POLICY RESPONSES............................................................................... 94 5.1 Universality and Limitations of Human Rights ........................................95 5.1.1 Boundaries on Human Rights.............................................................95 5.1.2 AI and The Principle of Universality of Human Rights......................95 5.1.3 Right to Privacy as a Gateway to Freedom of Expression................96 5.2 Moderating Freedoms: Global Trends in AI Dealing with Freedoms and Censorship..........................................................................96 5.2.1 Trend: Eroding Protection for Freedom of Expression....................96 5.2.2 AI Surveillance Becomes Ubiquitous..................................................97 5.3 Policy Response I: Preventing State-Private Collusion and Big Tech Abuse..............................................................................................98 5.4 Policy Response II: Key Requirements and Guidelines for Trustworthy AI............................................................................................ 100 5.5 Policy Response III: Human-Centric AI Application to Legislation....... 103 5.6 Importance of Collective Decisions and Openness............................... 105 5.7 Concluding Remarks................................................................................. 107 References......................................................................................................... 108 6. CLOSING NOTES........................................................................................ 110