Quick question, well, somewhat quick. Andres Guadamuz, you say:
Open access, whichever way you define it, has proven to be a viable publishing model, particularly in the "hard" sciences.
How are they funded in general, or does it vary greatly? Two reasons I ask. One, the author pays model is much more viable in the "hard" sciences because it is difficult if not impossible to do most "hard" science research without grants. Therefore, the costs of publishing can be written into the grants, and accepted as an added cost of doing academic work. Without a grant, you (essentially) cannot do research, and therefore have no findings, and have nothing to publish. An exception to this would be the theoretical side of fields such as physics (and non-science fields often considered "hard" such as math). In social science/studies, however, not all professors are able to get grants, yet many of them are still able to conduct research of one sort or another. If they must pay to publish, then there will be a serious barrier to research production (and to obtaining tenure). An author pays model is thus much less viable as a solution. Second, if it is organizational funding (government, universities, non-profits, for-profits, whatever), how easy is it to create a new journal? Do supported journals ever get dropped? At least from my limited experience observing others trying to obtain money in the US, I would be loathe to rely on the government (on any level), or non-profits, to directly support academic publishing, especially innovation in academic publishing. Of course, indirect government funding via libraries is becoming more and more problematic anyway, so the point may be moot. Now, you mention that you do not foresee the end of traditional publishing, so I acknowledge that it's not either/or. But I'm still concerned about the sustainability of any particular model. If I were running a journal (I'm not, and never have), I'd rather that my own activities funded the journal, than be reliant on the whims of a granting organization. I'd be interested to hear your thoughts on this, given that you seem to have evidence I've not encountered so far. Ingbert P.S.: I made this post public because it seems there are other people on this list interested in the potential answers to my question. If there's a general outcry, I'm happy to take this thread private. On Feb 11, 2008 3:04 AM, Andres Guadamuz <a.guadamuz@ed.ac.uk> wrote:
I get rather frustrated with the false dichotomy rhetoric in open access debates. Life rarely functions in predictable binary ways (I know this is an over-simplification in itself, but I digress).
Open access, whichever way you define it, has proven to be a viable publishing model, particularly in the "hard" sciences. I believe this to be a factual statement. Similarly, open access publishing does not do away with some traditional functions of scientific publication, such as gate-keeping and peer-reviewing. Similarly, I do not think that open access heralds the end of traditional publishing. It may prompt a change in some antiquated business models, but that is another topic entirely.
(Shameless plug alert) If you want to have a look at an open access journal that operates a strict peer-review policy, let me introduce you to SCRIPT-ed. We operate thanks to the kind support of the UK's Arts and Humanities Research Council: http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/ahrc/script-ed/
Let me address some of your points:
Barry Wellman wrote:
2. Printing and mailing costs are not the only costs of journals. A journal that I helped start pays the equivalent of a Research Assistant's salary to the Managing Editor; it has to arrange for reduced teaching load for the editor; and there are some computer and office costs. In short, this is $30-$40K per year, and it is damn hard to find universities to cough up that money. Subscription fees might, though. I do know we are working hard to find a few qualified editors in another journal who are willing -- and whose universities will help. Unpaid volunteers work as referees and advisory editors -- I do a lot of that -- but would rarely last at the daily grind of constant submission, referee-finding, and editing. Treasure such people, and reward them, either with released time or with some salary.
I agree, editing a journal is hard work, and can be expensive. We have been reducing costs by allowing talented PhD students to take over editorship for one or two years (early in their degree). They have been doing a sterling job so far, and they also get paid to do it. This is an experience that has worked for us, but your mileage may vary. I believe that there is funding out there for a determined journal that wants to go the open access route.
3. The real problem is readers need filtering. Not eveyone wants to read everything. Journals serve as a filtering mechanism. Sometimes they make mistakes, but as a frequent editor, I am usually gladdened by the rough consensus among reviewers. As someone who has solicited pieces from all-comers and then filtered for publication, I know how much is not ready for prime time. Do you, as a reader, want to wade through this? I am not talking about genre, theory, qual vs quant, or stuff like that. I am talking about quality level.
As I mentioned already, peer-review and filtering are not incompatible with open access. On the contrary, some of the OA definitions include peer-review as a requisite.
4. Refereeing also serves a mentoring function. Not everyone was lucky enough to be mentored at a good university by a caring advisor or three. Moreover, I've had the experience of turning down a paper written by someone at a great university. "How dare you?" they basically asked. We explained why, and with luck, they learned something. One of the unsung benefits of refereeing is having some folks take a careful look at what you wrote and give you feedback
In SCRIPT-ed our articles are refereed anonymously, which guarantees fairness.
5. I was at a conference last week at which a frequent blogger was often quoted as the authority, although I think this blogger has had at most one refereed article published. "Have you checked on the validity of [this blogger's] assertions?" I asked. "Well now, we just assumed," was the answer. Is this any way to build a discipline?
Excuse me if I misunderstand this statement, but what does blogging have to do with open access? You seem to be conflating OA with other forms of web publication, the internet is a big place, in case you had not noticed. By the way, I agree that using a blogger as an authority is bad scholarly practice, regardless of the blogger's reputation. As a keen blogger, I have to admit that I find it a lot of fun, but I do not believe my posts should be cited in scholarly publications.
6. So the real question is Open What? JCMC avoids printing and mailing, but is still a refereed journal -- of high quality. That is quite different than the anything goes model. Of course, there are variations in that. I tend to put on my web page serious conference papers and even recently, developed ppts. One of my mentors, by contrast, will only put up articles a decent interval after they have been published. "I like to know that I am right when I go public with something."
I'm curious as why you think that OA equates "anything goes".
Regards,
Andres
-- Andres Guadamuz AHRC Research Centre for Studies in Intellectual Property and Technology Law Old College, South Bridge Edinburgh, EH8 9YL
Tel: 44 (0)131 6509699 Fax: 44 (0)131 6506317 a.guadamuz@ed.ac.uk http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/ahrc/
SCRIPT-ed Journal of Law, Technology and Society http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/ahrc/script-ed
IP/IT/Medical Law LLM by Distance Learning http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/distancelearning/
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-- ========================================== Ingbert Floyd PhD Student Graduate School of Library and Information Science University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign http://ingbert.org/ || skype: spacesoon Check out the unofficial GSLIS Wiki: http://www.gslis.org/ "Dream in a pragmatic way." -Aldous Huxley