Hello all, This is a response to Shira's question: "If a YouTube video does not have any copyright on them, would a screen shot of that video fall under fair use for scholarly publications?" I would say that there is not enough information to make a determination. As someone who teaches copyright, and here I am talking about copyright in the U.S., one misconception of copyright that I routinely encounter is that if there is no copyright mark or claim, then there is no copyright. This is false. Copyright attaches once a work is produced and published regardless of whether a copyright symbol/claim accompanies it. Now regarding Fair Use, multiple factors are weighed with one of the chief components being how the copyright material is being used. I assume you are using it as part of analysis and/or commentary, and this can be allowed under Fair Use; however, creative works also tend to have stricter protections on them. (Insert standard disclaimer: I am not a lawyer nor do I play one while teaching or on the AoIR listserv.) To add to the resources already provided by others, I also suggest these websites: U.S. Copyright Office: http://copyright.gov EFF's FAQ on Fair Use: http://www.teachingcopyright.org/handout/fair-use-faq (This is more for teaching, but it gives a general overview). Also, for anyone who wants an interesting read on copyright gone sideways I suggest the following: "The $8,000 Mistake that All Bloggers Should Beware." Now this example is of a for-profit company, and not germane to your question, but it highlights some of the misconceptions of copyright. http://www.contentfac.com/copyright-infringement-penalties-are-scary/ Best of luck! Andrea -- Andrea L. Guzman, M.A. PhD Candidate Department of Communication University of Illinois at Chicago aguzma31@uic.edu