The concept of "fake news" is very complex, ranging from satirical to misleading to malicious content and, when looking globally, covers not just social media, but SMS and FTF communication. Much like humor, where one person's hilarious joke might be deeply offensive to another, a good portion of "fake news" revolves around how societies and peoples with different backgrounds interpret and construct meaning from a shared set of information. Paul Linebarger's 1948 book "Psychological Warfare" is a powerful read into the roots and methodology of inorganic constructionism of the kind that underlies much of the hundred shades of gray that we today frequently label as "fake news." This is also why purely technological solutions will always struggle with this complex middle ground that constitutes a large portion of "fake news." Instead, "information literacy" coupled with technological assistance offer perhaps the most robust path forward. You can see more in my latest pieces: http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/11/30/why-stopping-fake-news-i... http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/10/the-inverted-pyramid-and... http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/11/the-global-perspective-o... http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/11/how-data-and-information... Kalev http:/kalevleetaru.com/ http://blog.gdeltproject.org/ On Friday, December 9, 2016, Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media) news influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
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