Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media) news influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome? Thanks, Yosem
Perhaps more important and interesting: anyone have any studies showing that real (accurate, true) news influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome? ;=) -- Ronald E. Rice Arthur N. Rupe Professor in the Social Effects of Mass Communication International Communication Association President 2006-2007 Dept. of Communication, 4005 Social Sciences & Media Studies Bldg (SSMS) University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4020 Ph: 805-893-8696; Fax: 805-893-7102 rrice@comm.ucsb.edu; http://www.comm.ucsb.edu/people/ronald-e-rice Quoting Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu>:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media) news influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
Thanks, Yosem _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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Exactly. I was wondering whether anyone has studied whether news -- fake or real -- had any tangible effect on the 2016 election outcome. Wouldn't Lazarsfeld et al. say "no," at least not directly? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Lazarsfeld https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-step_flow_of_communication There is a long tradition of studying the effects of news on people's attitudes (or attitude change). My recollection is that news in and of itself has little influence on people's attitudes unless mediated by an influencer (i.e., hence Lazarsfeld 2-step flow of communication). But experiments show the opposite: News has a strong effect on people's attitudes, though the effect wanes over time. Anyone studied 2016 from this perspective? On Thu, Dec 8, 2016 at 9:20 PM, Ronald E. Rice <rrice@comm.ucsb.edu> wrote:
Perhaps more important and interesting: anyone have any studies showing that real (accurate, true) news influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome? ;=) -- Ronald E. Rice Arthur N. Rupe Professor in the Social Effects of Mass Communication International Communication Association President 2006-2007 Dept. of Communication, 4005 Social Sciences & Media Studies Bldg (SSMS) University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4020 Ph: 805-893-8696; Fax: 805-893-7102 rrice@comm.ucsb.edu; http://www.comm.ucsb.edu/people/ronald-e-rice
Quoting Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu>:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media) news
influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
Thanks, Yosem _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
There is a study of the 2004 elections that might be useful while we wait for the dust to settle from 2016. Carlson, M. (2007). Blogs and journalistic authority. Journalism Studies, 8(2) <http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616700601148861>, 264–279. doi:10.1080/14616700601148861 This paper asserts that the role of blogs cannot be adequately understood without examining the established media context in which they appear. Blogs operate along side, in conjunction with, and in opposition to established vehicles for political information, which creates tension among journalists seeking to preserve their authority. As a site to observe the blog-traditional journalism relationship, this article examines the reaction by journalists and others to blogs’ role in US Election Day 2004 coverage. Much of the attention by journalists focuses on assessing the well-publicized decision by some blogs to release incomplete exit polls erroneously predicting a victory for Democratic candidate John Kerry. This discourse works to make sense of the status and credibility of blogs while simultaneously allowing journalists to negotiate their role as authoritative providers of political news. Ultimately, the discourse underlines the dynamism of news in a contemporary media environment marked by new forms of complexity and competitiveness. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616700601148861 <http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616700601148861>
On Dec 9, 2016, at 7:29 AM, Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu <mailto:companys@stanford.edu>> wrote:
Exactly. I was wondering whether anyone has studied whether news -- fake or real -- had any tangible effect on the 2016 election outcome. Wouldn't Lazarsfeld et al. say "no," at least not directly?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Lazarsfeld <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Lazarsfeld> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-step_flow_of_communication
There is a long tradition of studying the effects of news on people's attitudes (or attitude change). My recollection is that news in and of itself has little influence on people's attitudes unless mediated by an influencer (i.e., hence Lazarsfeld 2-step flow of communication). But experiments show the opposite: News has a strong effect on people's attitudes, though the effect wanes over time.
Anyone studied 2016 from this perspective?
On Thu, Dec 8, 2016 at 9:20 PM, Ronald E. Rice <rrice@comm.ucsb.edu> wrote:
Perhaps more important and interesting: anyone have any studies showing that real (accurate, true) news influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome? ;=) -- Ronald E. Rice Arthur N. Rupe Professor in the Social Effects of Mass Communication International Communication Association President 2006-2007 Dept. of Communication, 4005 Social Sciences & Media Studies Bldg (SSMS) University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4020 Ph: 805-893-8696; Fax: 805-893-7102 rrice@comm.ucsb.edu; http://www.comm.ucsb.edu/people/ronald-e-rice
Quoting Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu>:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media) news
influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
Thanks, Yosem _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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<----------------------------------------------------> Jeanine Finn, PhD Researcher School of Information University of Texas at Austin jefinn@utexas.edu <mailto:jefinn@utexas.edu> http://jeaninefinn.me <http://jeaninefinn.me/>
Also, there's the Nature voting study, which—while not on news specifically—might be seen as raising some interesting questions about whether messages circulated via social media might be more influential because of the social context. I.e., When news is circulated via social networks it is often being spread *by* influencers, which affects the fit with traditional two-step flow models. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v489/n7415/full/nature11421.html Not arguing a side here. Just suggesting that applying Lazarsfeld, etc. might require some rethinking of context. Cheers, Josh On 12/09/2016 08:36 AM, Jeanine Finn wrote:
There is a study of the 2004 elections that might be useful while we wait for the dust to settle from 2016.
Carlson, M. (2007). Blogs and journalistic authority. Journalism Studies, 8(2) <http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616700601148861>, 264–279. doi:10.1080/14616700601148861
This paper asserts that the role of blogs cannot be adequately understood without examining the established media context in which they appear. Blogs operate along side, in conjunction with, and in opposition to established vehicles for political information, which creates tension among journalists seeking to preserve their authority. As a site to observe the blog-traditional journalism relationship, this article examines the reaction by journalists and others to blogs’ role in US Election Day 2004 coverage. Much of the attention by journalists focuses on assessing the well-publicized decision by some blogs to release incomplete exit polls erroneously predicting a victory for Democratic candidate John Kerry. This discourse works to make sense of the status and credibility of blogs while simultaneously allowing journalists to negotiate their role as authoritative providers of political news. Ultimately, the discourse underlines the dynamism of news in a contemporary media environment marked by new forms of complexity and competitiveness. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616700601148861 <http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616700601148861>
On Dec 9, 2016, at 7:29 AM, Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu <mailto:companys@stanford.edu>> wrote:
Exactly. I was wondering whether anyone has studied whether news -- fake or real -- had any tangible effect on the 2016 election outcome. Wouldn't Lazarsfeld et al. say "no," at least not directly?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Lazarsfeld <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Lazarsfeld> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-step_flow_of_communication
There is a long tradition of studying the effects of news on people's attitudes (or attitude change). My recollection is that news in and of itself has little influence on people's attitudes unless mediated by an influencer (i.e., hence Lazarsfeld 2-step flow of communication). But experiments show the opposite: News has a strong effect on people's attitudes, though the effect wanes over time.
Anyone studied 2016 from this perspective?
On Thu, Dec 8, 2016 at 9:20 PM, Ronald E. Rice <rrice@comm.ucsb.edu> wrote:
Perhaps more important and interesting: anyone have any studies showing that real (accurate, true) news influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome? ;=) -- Ronald E. Rice Arthur N. Rupe Professor in the Social Effects of Mass Communication International Communication Association President 2006-2007 Dept. of Communication, 4005 Social Sciences & Media Studies Bldg (SSMS) University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4020 Ph: 805-893-8696; Fax: 805-893-7102 rrice@comm.ucsb.edu; http://www.comm.ucsb.edu/people/ronald-e-rice
Quoting Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu>:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media) news
influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
Thanks, Yosem _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
<----------------------------------------------------> Jeanine Finn, PhD Researcher School of Information University of Texas at Austin jefinn@utexas.edu <mailto:jefinn@utexas.edu> http://jeaninefinn.me <http://jeaninefinn.me/>
_______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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-- Josh Braun, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Journalism Studies Journalism Department University of Massachusetts Amherst @josh_braun Skype: wideaperture http://wideaperture.net/ new book: http://yalebooks.com/book/9780300197501/program-brought-you "Maybe the only gift is a chance to inquire, to know nothing for certain. An inheritance of wonder and nothing more." William Least Heat-Moon
Good Guardian story earlier in the week. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/dec/04/google- democracy-truth-internet-search-facebook ISOC Chapters in NY and DC were already planning a panel series in 2017 'Content Rules, but Who Rules Content?' - we've been somewhat overtaken by events. I think the first one will be in Jan and be more angled at the effect of algorithms. I will post. j -- --------------------------------------------------------------- Joly MacFie 218 565 9365 <(218)%20565-9365> Skype:punkcast -------------------------------------------------------------- -
This also seems like a reasonable place to plug J Michael Sproule's work on the American experience with propaganda and misinformation: https://books.google.com/books?id=Xv9cXHL9f18C&lpg=PP1&dq=J%20Michael%20Spro... He also has a great piece from years ago on what happened to the original social science research program on propaganda: Sproule, J. M. (1987). Propaganda studies in American social science: The rise and fall of the critical paradigm. /Quarterly Journal of Speech/, /73/(1), 60-78. Cheers, Josh On 12/09/2016 09:37 AM, Joly MacFie wrote:
Good Guardian story earlier in the week.
https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/dec/04/google-democracy-truth-in... <https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/dec/04/google-democracy-truth-internet-search-facebook>
ISOC Chapters in NY and DC were already planning a panel series in 2017 'Content Rules, but Who Rules Content?' - we've been somewhat overtaken by events. I think the first one will be in Jan and be more angled at the effect of algorithms.
I will post.
j
-- --------------------------------------------------------------- Joly MacFie 218 565 9365 <tel:%28218%29%20565-9365> Skype:punkcast -------------------------------------------------------------- -
-- Josh Braun, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Journalism Studies Journalism Department University of Massachusetts Amherst @josh_braun Skype: wideaperture http://wideaperture.net/ new book: http://yalebooks.com/book/9780300197501/program-brought-you "Maybe the only gift is a chance to inquire, to know nothing for certain. An inheritance of wonder and nothing more." William Least Heat-Moon
Essential reading: https://historicalunderbelly.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/0195102924.pdf <https://historicalunderbelly.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/0195102924.pdf> https://www.amazon.com/Blowback-Recruitment-Destructive-Forbidden-Bookshelf-... <https://www.amazon.com/Blowback-Recruitment-Destructive-Forbidden-Bookshelf-ebook/dp/1555841066> Comment: the US unwittingly played into Soviet propaganda that the US was really no different than the Nazis themselves. In addition, as Simpson make very clear, much of what these former Nazis fed the OSS and CIA as information on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe turned out to be baseless, and in many cases their spy networks turned out to have been deeply compromised by the USSR. The spy networks consistently overestimated the actual military threat posed by the USSR. But as Simpson points out, these CIA paid assets had ever incentive to overstate the danger. They were on the payroll, and as long as the Soviet menace appeared imminent, they would remain so. But start to say that there was no threat and the gravy train might come to an abrupt halt. Iraqi weapons of mass destruction, anyone? Finally, because they fed the CIA, which admittedly had few Company assets on the ground in Eastern Europe after the war, a steadily hawkish line about the USSR and its intentions, they helped to contribute to the shrill political hysteria that emerged. I don't want to be misunderstood: the Soviet Union was evil, its methods vile and I don't weep any tears for its demise. But in our fear and in our ignorance, we made serious policy errors in those post-war years, and in doing so, we relied to a significant degree on people we should have known better than to trust: a group of ex-Nazis and collaborators who we knew were guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity. Further, as I have suggested here, we helped inculcate our national security apparatus with a view that the ends always justified the means, and that as intelligence gatekeepers, the CIA was not bound by US law or public policy, but merely by its own secret determination of what was in the country's best interests.
On 9 Dec 2016, at 15.47, Joshua Braun <jabraun@journ.umass.edu> wrote:
This also seems like a reasonable place to plug J Michael Sproule's work on the American experience with propaganda and misinformation:
https://books.google.com/books?id=Xv9cXHL9f18C&lpg=PP1&dq=J%20Michael%20Spro...
He also has a great piece from years ago on what happened to the original social science research program on propaganda:
Sproule, J. M. (1987). Propaganda studies in American social science: The rise and fall of the critical paradigm. /Quarterly Journal of Speech/, /73/(1), 60-78.
Cheers, Josh
David Stodolsky, PhD Institute for Social Informatics Tornskadestien 2, st. th., DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark dss@socialinformatics.org Skype/Twitter: davidstodolsky
Just have to jump here and refer to the comment above that noted that "What's accurate news for one group may be fake news for another. News is socially constructed." That is certainly a dominant guiding principle from communication studies BUT what that is very different from news that is deliberately constructed as propaganda. There is indeed a central organizing principle of news in the service of society -- it can failed or weak, but journalism as a profession in the United States is concerned with the broader principle that news creates informed citizens and without informed citizens you cannot have a democracy. You cannot have a democracy without journalism. So the journalism may be flawed and -- in the case of the US -- in particular challenged by a failing economic model of traditional media outlets as advertising shifts to more powerful social-media outlets, etc. There is a qualitative difference between the attempt to inform the public and the attempt to deceive the public. We can measure the value of news by criteria such as giving voice to both sides, an attempt to explain issues, quoting accurately, attempting to give facts, owning up to and correcting an errors, attempting to be objective. As an ex-journalist and a journalism educator, I ask people to stop saying that news and propaganda are really the same thing. I've heard it for years and it's simply not true. Many journalists risk their lives to bring us as close to the truth as they can. Propagandists deliberately lie, cheat, deceive, misinform and seek to use information for their own means. And yes, I know the arguments about media in service to the state, in service to capitalism, in service to communism, in service to a media owner etc. But please, people, as communication scholars we need to recognize, support, and try to make better the ONE THING between us and authoritarianism -- a free press. On Fri, Dec 9, 2016 at 9:31 AM, Joshua Braun <jabraun@journ.umass.edu> wrote:
Also, there's the Nature voting study, which—while not on news specifically—might be seen as raising some interesting questions about whether messages circulated via social media might be more influential because of the social context. I.e., When news is circulated via social networks it is often being spread *by* influencers, which affects the fit with traditional two-step flow models.
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v489/n7415/full/nature11421.html
Not arguing a side here. Just suggesting that applying Lazarsfeld, etc. might require some rethinking of context.
Cheers, Josh
On 12/09/2016 08:36 AM, Jeanine Finn wrote:
There is a study of the 2004 elections that might be useful while we wait for the dust to settle from 2016.
Carlson, M. (2007). Blogs and journalistic authority. Journalism Studies, 8(2) <http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/ 14616700601148861>, 264–279. doi:10.1080/14616700601148861
This paper asserts that the role of blogs cannot be adequately understood without examining the established media context in which they appear. Blogs operate along side, in conjunction with, and in opposition to established vehicles for political information, which creates tension among journalists seeking to preserve their authority. As a site to observe the blog-traditional journalism relationship, this article examines the reaction by journalists and others to blogs’ role in US Election Day 2004 coverage. Much of the attention by journalists focuses on assessing the well-publicized decision by some blogs to release incomplete exit polls erroneously predicting a victory for Democratic candidate John Kerry. This discourse works to make sense of the status and credibility of blogs while simultaneously allowing journalists to negotiate their role as authoritative providers of political news. Ultimately, the discourse underlines the dynamism of news in a contemporary media environment marked by new forms of complexity and competitiveness. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616700601148861 < http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616700601148861>
On Dec 9, 2016, at 7:29 AM, Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu <mailto:companys@stanford.edu>> wrote:
Exactly. I was wondering whether anyone has studied whether news -- fake or real -- had any tangible effect on the 2016 election outcome. Wouldn't Lazarsfeld et al. say "no," at least not directly?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Lazarsfeld < https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Lazarsfeld> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-step_flow_of_communication
There is a long tradition of studying the effects of news on people's attitudes (or attitude change). My recollection is that news in and of itself has little influence on people's attitudes unless mediated by an influencer (i.e., hence Lazarsfeld 2-step flow of communication). But experiments show the opposite: News has a strong effect on people's attitudes, though the effect wanes over time.
Anyone studied 2016 from this perspective?
On Thu, Dec 8, 2016 at 9:20 PM, Ronald E. Rice <rrice@comm.ucsb.edu> wrote:
Perhaps more important and interesting: anyone have any studies showing that real (accurate, true) news influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome? ;=) -- Ronald E. Rice Arthur N. Rupe Professor in the Social Effects of Mass Communication International Communication Association President 2006-2007 Dept. of Communication, 4005 Social Sciences & Media Studies Bldg (SSMS) University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4020 Ph: 805-893-8696; Fax: 805-893-7102 rrice@comm.ucsb.edu; http://www.comm.ucsb.edu/people/ronald-e-rice
Quoting Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu>:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media) news
influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
Thanks, Yosem _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
<----------------------------------------------------> Jeanine Finn, PhD Researcher School of Information University of Texas at Austin jefinn@utexas.edu <mailto:jefinn@utexas.edu> http://jeaninefinn.me <http://jeaninefinn.me/>
_______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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-- Josh Braun, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Journalism Studies Journalism Department University of Massachusetts Amherst
@josh_braun Skype: wideaperture http://wideaperture.net/ new book: http://yalebooks.com/book/9780300197501/program-brought-you
"Maybe the only gift is a chance to inquire, to know nothing for certain. An inheritance of wonder and nothing more." William Least Heat-Moon
_______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
-- Sarah Oates Professor and Senior Scholar Philip Merrill College of Journalism University of Maryland College Park, MD 20457 Email: soates@umd.edu Phone: 301 405 4510
Worthy point and well noted. Pedagogically, I stress the difference between image and substance, and I teach about the word propaganda and how it rose and fell in popularity. I don't know if anyone uses this piece from 1952, I found it a gem for helping students view critically. "Propaganda Techniques In Institutional Advertising" BY LEONARD 1. PEARLIN AND MORRIS ROSENBERG 1952 in PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY, SPRING It specifically points to institutional advertising, but we can say that much that is being called fake news uses these techniques. For what it is worth! cc On Fri, Dec 9, 2016 at 9:47 AM, Sarah Ann Oates <soates@umd.edu> wrote:
Just have to jump here and refer to the comment above that noted that "What's accurate news for one group may be fake news for another. News is socially constructed." That is certainly a dominant guiding principle from communication studies BUT what that is very different from news that is deliberately constructed as propaganda. There is indeed a central organizing principle of news in the service of society -- it can failed or weak, but journalism as a profession in the United States is concerned with the broader principle that news creates informed citizens and without informed citizens you cannot have a democracy. You cannot have a democracy without journalism. So the journalism may be flawed and -- in the case of the US -- in particular challenged by a failing economic model of traditional media outlets as advertising shifts to more powerful social-media outlets, etc. There is a qualitative difference between the attempt to inform the public and the attempt to deceive the public. We can measure the value of news by criteria such as giving voice to both sides, an attempt to explain issues, quoting accurately, attempting to give facts, owning up to and correcting an errors, attempting to be objective. As an ex-journalist and a journalism educator, I ask people to stop saying that news and propaganda are really the same thing. I've heard it for years and it's simply not true. Many journalists risk their lives to bring us as close to the truth as they can. Propagandists deliberately lie, cheat, deceive, misinform and seek to use information for their own means. And yes, I know the arguments about media in service to the state, in service to capitalism, in service to communism, in service to a media owner etc. But please, people, as communication scholars we need to recognize, support, and try to make better the ONE THING between us and authoritarianism -- a free press.
On Fri, Dec 9, 2016 at 9:31 AM, Joshua Braun <jabraun@journ.umass.edu> wrote:
Also, there's the Nature voting study, which—while not on news specifically—might be seen as raising some interesting questions about whether messages circulated via social media might be more influential because of the social context. I.e., When news is circulated via social networks it is often being spread *by* influencers, which affects the fit with traditional two-step flow models.
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v489/n7415/full/nature11421.html
Not arguing a side here. Just suggesting that applying Lazarsfeld, etc. might require some rethinking of context.
Cheers, Josh
On 12/09/2016 08:36 AM, Jeanine Finn wrote:
There is a study of the 2004 elections that might be useful while we wait for the dust to settle from 2016.
Carlson, M. (2007). Blogs and journalistic authority. Journalism Studies, 8(2) <http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/ 14616700601148861>, 264–279. doi:10.1080/14616700601148861
This paper asserts that the role of blogs cannot be adequately understood without examining the established media context in which they appear. Blogs operate along side, in conjunction with, and in opposition to established vehicles for political information, which creates tension among journalists seeking to preserve their authority. As a site to observe the blog-traditional journalism relationship, this article examines the reaction by journalists and others to blogs’ role in US Election Day 2004 coverage. Much of the attention by journalists focuses on assessing the well-publicized decision by some blogs to release incomplete exit polls erroneously predicting a victory for Democratic candidate John Kerry. This discourse works to make sense of the status and credibility of blogs while simultaneously allowing journalists to negotiate their role as authoritative providers of political news. Ultimately, the discourse underlines the dynamism of news in a contemporary media environment marked by new forms of complexity and competitiveness. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616700601148861 < http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616700601148861>
On Dec 9, 2016, at 7:29 AM, Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu <mailto:companys@stanford.edu>> wrote:
Exactly. I was wondering whether anyone has studied whether news -- fake or real -- had any tangible effect on the 2016 election outcome. Wouldn't Lazarsfeld et al. say "no," at least not directly?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Lazarsfeld < https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Lazarsfeld> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-step_flow_of_communication
There is a long tradition of studying the effects of news on people's attitudes (or attitude change). My recollection is that news in and of itself has little influence on people's attitudes unless mediated by an influencer (i.e., hence Lazarsfeld 2-step flow of communication). But experiments show the opposite: News has a strong effect on people's attitudes, though the effect wanes over time.
Anyone studied 2016 from this perspective?
On Thu, Dec 8, 2016 at 9:20 PM, Ronald E. Rice <rrice@comm.ucsb.edu> wrote:
Perhaps more important and interesting: anyone have any studies showing that real (accurate, true) news influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome? ;=) -- Ronald E. Rice Arthur N. Rupe Professor in the Social Effects of Mass Communication International Communication Association President 2006-2007 Dept. of Communication, 4005 Social Sciences & Media Studies Bldg (SSMS) University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4020 Ph: 805-893-8696; Fax: 805-893-7102 rrice@comm.ucsb.edu; http://www.comm.ucsb.edu/people/ronald-e-rice
Quoting Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu>:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media) news
influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
Thanks, Yosem _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
<----------------------------------------------------> Jeanine Finn, PhD Researcher School of Information University of Texas at Austin jefinn@utexas.edu <mailto:jefinn@utexas.edu> http://jeaninefinn.me <http://jeaninefinn.me/>
_______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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-- Josh Braun, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Journalism Studies Journalism Department University of Massachusetts Amherst
@josh_braun Skype: wideaperture http://wideaperture.net/ new book: http://yalebooks.com/book/9780300197501/program-brought-you
"Maybe the only gift is a chance to inquire, to know nothing for certain. An inheritance of wonder and nothing more." William Least Heat-Moon
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-- Sarah Oates Professor and Senior Scholar Philip Merrill College of Journalism University of Maryland College Park, MD 20457 Email: soates@umd.edu Phone: 301 405 4510 _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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-- -- *Carolina Cambre PhD Assistant Professor Concordia University, Montreal Centre for Global Citizenship Education & Research Fellow Affiliate of Concordia University - Centre for Oral History and Digital Storytelling http://storytelling.concordia.ca/content/cambre-carolina <http://storytelling.concordia.ca/content/cambre-carolina> Book: http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-9781472505293/ <http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-9781472505293/>* <http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-9781472505293/>
On 9 Dec 2016, at 14.36, Jeanine Finn <jefinn@utexas.edu> wrote:
well-publicized decision by some blogs to release incomplete exit polls erroneously predicting a victory for Democratic candidate John Kerry.
Maybe not: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji_k0iORUZg <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji_k0iORUZg> http://www.democrats.com/joel-kaplan <http://www.democrats.com/joel-kaplan> dss David Stodolsky, PhD Institute for Social Informatics Tornskadestien 2, st. th., DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark dss@socialinformatics.org Skype/Twitter: davidstodolsky
Why is social media news fake? Is this a judgement! Chris On Dec 8, 2016 8:52 PM, "Yosem Companys" <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media) news influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
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I was emphasizing that the focus of my question is on the sharing of fake news via social media. God knows that fake news as a phenomenon has existed for thousands of years. On Thu, Dec 8, 2016 at 9:23 PM, Chris Brandmeir <chrisbrandmeir@gmail.com> wrote:
Why is social media news fake? Is this a judgement!
Chris
On Dec 8, 2016 8:52 PM, "Yosem Companys" <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media) news influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
Thanks, Yosem _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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And it is? In the spirit of discussion and inquiry with minimized bias, what is it? So the news of others is fake, or it is not news if not scientifically variable as objective? Chris On Dec 8, 2016 9:26 PM, "Yosem Companys" <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
I was emphasizing that the focus of my question is on the sharing of fake news via social media. God knows that fake news as a phenomenon has existed for thousands of years.
On Thu, Dec 8, 2016 at 9:23 PM, Chris Brandmeir <chrisbrandmeir@gmail.com> wrote:
Why is social media news fake? Is this a judgement!
Chris
On Dec 8, 2016 8:52 PM, "Yosem Companys" <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media) news influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
Thanks, Yosem _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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You're preaching to the choir, Chris. What's accurate news for one group may be fake news for another. News is socially constructed. What I wanted to know is whether there are any studies showing how news (fake or accurate, if you will) influenced voter behavior, particular Trump supporters' voter behavior. Thanks, Yosem On Thu, Dec 8, 2016 at 9:33 PM, Chris Brandmeir <chrisbrandmeir@gmail.com> wrote:
And it is? In the spirit of discussion and inquiry with minimized bias, what is it? So the news of others is fake, or it is not news if not scientifically variable as objective?
Chris
On Dec 8, 2016 9:26 PM, "Yosem Companys" <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
I was emphasizing that the focus of my question is on the sharing of fake news via social media. God knows that fake news as a phenomenon has existed for thousands of years.
On Thu, Dec 8, 2016 at 9:23 PM, Chris Brandmeir <chrisbrandmeir@gmail.com
wrote:
Why is social media news fake? Is this a judgement!
Chris
On Dec 8, 2016 8:52 PM, "Yosem Companys" <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media) news influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
Thanks, Yosem _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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This is a pretty good article on the topic of elections generally, grounded in empirical research: http://insights.berggruen.org/issues/issue-6/ institute_posts/147 --- Alex Leavitt, Ph.D. http://alexleavitt.com Twitter: @alexleavitt <http://twitter.com/alexleavitt> On Thu, Dec 8, 2016 at 9:38 PM, Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
You're preaching to the choir, Chris. What's accurate news for one group may be fake news for another. News is socially constructed.
What I wanted to know is whether there are any studies showing how news (fake or accurate, if you will) influenced voter behavior, particular Trump supporters' voter behavior.
Thanks, Yosem
On Thu, Dec 8, 2016 at 9:33 PM, Chris Brandmeir <chrisbrandmeir@gmail.com> wrote:
And it is? In the spirit of discussion and inquiry with minimized bias, what is it? So the news of others is fake, or it is not news if not scientifically variable as objective?
Chris
On Dec 8, 2016 9:26 PM, "Yosem Companys" <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
I was emphasizing that the focus of my question is on the sharing of fake news via social media. God knows that fake news as a phenomenon has existed for thousands of years.
On Thu, Dec 8, 2016 at 9:23 PM, Chris Brandmeir < chrisbrandmeir@gmail.com> wrote:
Why is social media news fake? Is this a judgement!
Chris
On Dec 8, 2016 8:52 PM, "Yosem Companys" <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media) news influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
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I love this thread. I have been collecting all the 'fake news' style announcements that I come across but I have not seen any academic work yet. cc On Thu, Dec 8, 2016 at 11:51 PM, Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media) news influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
Thanks, Yosem _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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-- -- *Carolina Cambre PhD Assistant Professor Concordia University, Montreal Centre for Global Citizenship Education & Research Fellow Affiliate of Concordia University - Centre for Oral History and Digital Storytelling http://storytelling.concordia.ca/content/cambre-carolina <http://storytelling.concordia.ca/content/cambre-carolina> Book: http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-9781472505293/ <http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-9781472505293/>* <http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-9781472505293/>
I also love the thread Yosem. Would anyone like to work on a project along these lines? - fake news detection - alt-right detection I have been drafting an announcement for a sponsored student data challenge using a fixed set of 20 million Trump tweets. Is this something that members of the list would like to see students take part in? Do people think these difficult/contested concepts are readily detectable by humans and/or machines? Are there a few professors out there willing to serve as judges for the output of the student data challenge if we run it in early 2017? Please email me directly off list (stu@texifter.com) if this is of interest. ~Stu Stu Shulman <https://twitter.com/StuartWShulman> Amherst Regional High School, CoachMA Olympic Development Program, Assistant Coach On Fri, Dec 9, 2016 at 5:54 AM, MC Cambre <mcambre@ualberta.ca> wrote:
I love this thread. I have been collecting all the 'fake news' style announcements that I come across but I have not seen any academic work yet. cc
On Thu, Dec 8, 2016 at 11:51 PM, Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media) news influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
Thanks, Yosem _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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-- --
*Carolina Cambre PhD Assistant Professor Concordia University, Montreal Centre for Global Citizenship Education & Research Fellow Affiliate of Concordia University - Centre for Oral History and Digital Storytelling http://storytelling.concordia.ca/content/cambre-carolina <http://storytelling.concordia.ca/content/cambre-carolina> Book: http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-9781472505293/ <http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-9781472505293/
* <http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-9781472505293/>
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I agree that this is an important thread, and I have very much enjoyed receiving papers from colleagues. So please keep them coming. Thanks, Yosem On Fri, Dec 9, 2016 at 4:51 AM, Stuart Shulman <stuart.shulman@gmail.com> wrote:
I also love the thread Yosem. Would anyone like to work on a project along these lines?
- fake news detection - alt-right detection
I have been drafting an announcement for a sponsored student data challenge using a fixed set of 20 million Trump tweets.
Is this something that members of the list would like to see students take part in? Do people think these difficult/contested concepts are readily detectable by humans and/or machines? Are there a few professors out there willing to serve as judges for the output of the student data challenge if we run it in early 2017?
Please email me directly off list (stu@texifter.com) if this is of interest.
~Stu
Stu Shulman <https://twitter.com/StuartWShulman> Amherst Regional High School, CoachMA Olympic Development Program, Assistant Coach
On Fri, Dec 9, 2016 at 5:54 AM, MC Cambre <mcambre@ualberta.ca> wrote:
I love this thread. I have been collecting all the 'fake news' style announcements that I come across but I have not seen any academic work yet. cc
On Thu, Dec 8, 2016 at 11:51 PM, Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media) news influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
Thanks, Yosem _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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-- --
*Carolina Cambre PhD Assistant Professor Concordia University, Montreal Centre for Global Citizenship Education & Research Fellow Affiliate of Concordia University - Centre for Oral History and Digital Storytelling http://storytelling.concordia.ca/content/cambre-carolina <http://storytelling.concordia.ca/content/cambre-carolina> Book: http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-9781472505293/ <http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-9781472505293/
* <http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-9781472505293/
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I am very excited to see this thread because I have begun discussing with some colleagues about how to experimentally examine the social media response to fake news articles (as well as news articles with varying levels of complexity, news articles with moral vs factual reasoning, etc.) Just this week I started developing an experimental design that would involve quasi-behavioral research. If anyone would like to discuss further, please email me at mcoyle@gradcenter.cuny.edu. I would certainly be interested in developing collaborative work on this issue.
Dear Yosem, A few years ago I wrote about fake news in the 2004 and in the 2008 US elections (Vaccari & Morini, 2014, "The power of smears in two American presidential campaign", Journal of Political Marketing). It's not exactly what you're looking for, but it might help: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15377857.2014.866021 All the best, On Friday, December 9, 2016, Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media) news influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
Thanks, Yosem _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org <javascript:;> mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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Glenn Greenwald, renowned investigative journalist, who was responsible for breaking the Edward Snowden NSA spying scandal story, has written a fantastic piece on 'Fake News'. https://theintercept.com/2016/12/09/a-clinton-fan-manufactured-fake-news-tha... On Fri, Dec 9, 2016 at 11:41 AM, Marco Morini <marco.morini@gmail.com> wrote:
Dear Yosem,
A few years ago I wrote about fake news in the 2004 and in the 2008 US elections (Vaccari & Morini, 2014, "The power of smears in two American presidential campaign", Journal of Political Marketing). It's not exactly what you're looking for, but it might help:
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www. tandfonline.com_doi_abs_10.1080_15377857.2014.866021&d=DgIGaQ&c= clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=jDqZXKNrnKS9uq0yZOgDkA&m= qCBheRJyqOBOwQW4bLgjlXf1CRu7uZusTYDccSBgUcc&s=Jb_-9A2- Xr8ZlK2jn7YddcIBPd95SKRmDOlflzzBi1E&e=
All the best,
On Friday, December 9, 2016, Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media) news influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
Thanks, Yosem _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org <javascript:;> mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__aoir.org&d=DgIGaQ&c= clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=jDqZXKNrnKS9uq0yZOgDkA&m= qCBheRJyqOBOwQW4bLgjlXf1CRu7uZusTYDccSBgUcc&s=k0spIpBoAfJMvLamB- TNruWQUGpHuxQ0tipHBhhx6DY&e= Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__ listserv.aoir.org_&d=DgIGaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN 0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=jDqZXKNrnKS9uq0yZOgDkA&m=qCBheRJyqOBOwQW4bLgjlXf1CRu7uZ usTYDccSBgUcc&s=sXBR-rh1ofuOI5JkPeTSD5yTjoP4KLluWTFJD-njJsk&e= listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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It's worth mentioning one of the foundational statements on propaganda. Jacque Ellul's 1973 book *Propaganda: The formation of men's attitudes*. https://www.amazon.com/Propaganda-Formation-Attitudes-Jacques-Ellul/dp/03947... On Fri, Dec 9, 2016 at 4:36 PM, Sarah Clayton <slclayto@usc.edu> wrote:
Glenn Greenwald, renowned investigative journalist, who was responsible for breaking the Edward Snowden NSA spying scandal story, has written a fantastic piece on 'Fake News'.
https://theintercept.com/2016/12/09/a-clinton-fan- manufactured-fake-news-that-msnbc-personalities-spread-to- discredit-wikileaks-docs/
On Fri, Dec 9, 2016 at 11:41 AM, Marco Morini <marco.morini@gmail.com> wrote:
Dear Yosem,
A few years ago I wrote about fake news in the 2004 and in the 2008 US elections (Vaccari & Morini, 2014, "The power of smears in two American presidential campaign", Journal of Political Marketing). It's not exactly what you're looking for, but it might help:
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www. tandfonline.com_doi_abs_10.1080_15377857.2014.866021&d=DgIGaQ&c= clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=jDqZXKNrnKS9uq0yZOgDkA&m= qCBheRJyqOBOwQW4bLgjlXf1CRu7uZusTYDccSBgUcc&s=Jb_-9A2- Xr8ZlK2jn7YddcIBPd95SKRmDOlflzzBi1E&e=
All the best,
On Friday, December 9, 2016, Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media) news influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
Thanks, Yosem _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org <javascript:;> mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__aoir.org&d=DgIGaQ&c= clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=jDqZXKNrnKS9uq0yZOgDkA&m= qCBheRJyqOBOwQW4bLgjlXf1CRu7uZusTYDccSBgUcc&s=k0spIpBoAfJMvLamB- TNruWQUGpHuxQ0tipHBhhx6DY&e= Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__ listserv.aoir.org_&d=DgIGaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN 0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=jDqZXKNrnKS9uq0yZOgDkA&m=qCBheRJyqOBOwQW4bLgjlXf1CRu7uZ usTYDccSBgUcc&s=sXBR-rh1ofuOI5JkPeTSD5yTjoP4KLluWTFJD-njJsk&e= listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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The concept of "fake news" is very complex, ranging from satirical to misleading to malicious content and, when looking globally, covers not just social media, but SMS and FTF communication. Much like humor, where one person's hilarious joke might be deeply offensive to another, a good portion of "fake news" revolves around how societies and peoples with different backgrounds interpret and construct meaning from a shared set of information. Paul Linebarger's 1948 book "Psychological Warfare" is a powerful read into the roots and methodology of inorganic constructionism of the kind that underlies much of the hundred shades of gray that we today frequently label as "fake news." This is also why purely technological solutions will always struggle with this complex middle ground that constitutes a large portion of "fake news." Instead, "information literacy" coupled with technological assistance offer perhaps the most robust path forward. You can see more in my latest pieces: http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/11/30/why-stopping-fake-news-i... http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/10/the-inverted-pyramid-and... http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/11/the-global-perspective-o... http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/11/how-data-and-information... Kalev http:/kalevleetaru.com/ http://blog.gdeltproject.org/ On Friday, December 9, 2016, Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media) news influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
Thanks, Yosem _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org <javascript:;> mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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This article is interesting and relevant to this thread on fake news... *How Social Media Reduces Mass Political Polarization. Evidence from Germany, Spain, and the U.S. *by Paolo Barbera http://pablobarbera.com/static/barbera_polarization_APSA.pdf Regards, Thomas Ball On Mon, Dec 12, 2016 at 8:28 AM, kalev leetaru <kalev.leetaru5@gmail.com> wrote:
The concept of "fake news" is very complex, ranging from satirical to misleading to malicious content and, when looking globally, covers not just social media, but SMS and FTF communication. Much like humor, where one person's hilarious joke might be deeply offensive to another, a good portion of "fake news" revolves around how societies and peoples with different backgrounds interpret and construct meaning from a shared set of information. Paul Linebarger's 1948 book "Psychological Warfare" is a powerful read into the roots and methodology of inorganic constructionism of the kind that underlies much of the hundred shades of gray that we today frequently label as "fake news." This is also why purely technological solutions will always struggle with this complex middle ground that constitutes a large portion of "fake news." Instead, "information literacy" coupled with technological assistance offer perhaps the most robust path forward.
You can see more in my latest pieces:
http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/11/30/why- stopping-fake-news-is-so-hard/ http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/10/the- inverted-pyramid-and-how-fake-news-weaponized-modern- journalistic-practice/ http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/11/the- global-perspective-on-fake-news/ http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/11/how- data-and-information-literacy-could-end-fake-news/
Kalev http:/kalevleetaru.com/ http://blog.gdeltproject.org/
On Friday, December 9, 2016, Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media)
news
influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
Thanks, Yosem _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org <javascript:;> mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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This burns me because I fell for the professor blacklist story (had some people I knew on it) even after I had hunted down all the references, and the organization that started it (I still don't even know if they are real). Just wondering if we are overlooking outright lying? https://theintercept.com/2016/12/09/a-clinton-fan-manufactured-fake-news-tha... The issue is mushrooming online with sites now dedicated to 'debunking' fake news as well. At the same time there is implicit trust of search engines like Google, while they actually work to camouflage them. http://www.theverge.com/2016/12/6/13850230/fake-news-sites-google-search-fac... On Mon, Dec 12, 2016 at 3:28 PM, kalev leetaru <kalev.leetaru5@gmail.com> wrote:
The concept of "fake news" is very complex, ranging from satirical to misleading to malicious content and, when looking globally, covers not just social media, but SMS and FTF communication. Much like humor, where one person's hilarious joke might be deeply offensive to another, a good portion of "fake news" revolves around how societies and peoples with different backgrounds interpret and construct meaning from a shared set of information. Paul Linebarger's 1948 book "Psychological Warfare" is a powerful read into the roots and methodology of inorganic constructionism of the kind that underlies much of the hundred shades of gray that we today frequently label as "fake news." This is also why purely technological solutions will always struggle with this complex middle ground that constitutes a large portion of "fake news." Instead, "information literacy" coupled with technological assistance offer perhaps the most robust path forward.
You can see more in my latest pieces:
http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/11/30/why- stopping-fake-news-is-so-hard/ http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/10/the- inverted-pyramid-and-how-fake-news-weaponized-modern- journalistic-practice/ http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/11/the- global-perspective-on-fake-news/ http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/11/how- data-and-information-literacy-could-end-fake-news/
Kalev http:/kalevleetaru.com/ http://blog.gdeltproject.org/
On Friday, December 9, 2016, Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media)
news
influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
Thanks, Yosem _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org <javascript:;> mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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-- -- *Carolina Cambre PhD Assistant Professor Concordia University, Montreal Centre for Global Citizenship Education & Research Fellow Affiliate of Concordia University - Centre for Oral History and Digital Storytelling http://storytelling.concordia.ca/content/cambre-carolina <http://storytelling.concordia.ca/content/cambre-carolina> Book: http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-9781472505293/ <http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-9781472505293/>* <http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-9781472505293/>
I've skimmed this thread, though not read it in detail, so I may have missed some points. (Also note that I'm not from the US, so, while Trump's election may well indirectly affect the UK, it's not quite like Brexit. [Though if I'm being entirely objective, Trump's election could lead to world instability - and possibly wars. Brexit is more likely to cause UK and possibly EU economic instability; but less likely to lead to a war] HOwever, my understanding of the phrase "fake news" was the type referred to in https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/how-macedonia-became-a-global-hub-fo... rather than selective reporting to suit the needs of the paper etc., nor the filtering by people based on their personal beliefs. [There was also a section on BBC Radio 4's "From our own correspondent" http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006qjlq/episodes/player - it's the one called "Real or Fake". There is also a World service of that programme, so may be available outside the UK;. I did see someone else had also recommended the article in the Observer Newspaper 10 days ago. Well worth reading. As to academic research - it's quite soon for that, however, have you looked for work on Scotland's Independence Referendum? On 12 December 2016 at 17:13, MC Cambre <mcambre@ualberta.ca> wrote:
This burns me because I fell for the professor blacklist story (had some people I knew on it) even after I had hunted down all the references, and the organization that started it (I still don't even know if they are real).
Just wondering if we are overlooking outright lying? https://theintercept.com/2016/12/09/a-clinton-fan-manufactured-fake-news-tha... The issue is mushrooming online with sites now dedicated to 'debunking' fake news as well. At the same time there is implicit trust of search engines like Google, while they actually work to camouflage them. http://www.theverge.com/2016/12/6/13850230/fake-news-sites-google-search-fac...
On Mon, Dec 12, 2016 at 3:28 PM, kalev leetaru <kalev.leetaru5@gmail.com> wrote:
The concept of "fake news" is very complex, ranging from satirical to misleading to malicious content and, when looking globally, covers not just social media, but SMS and FTF communication. Much like humor, where one person's hilarious joke might be deeply offensive to another, a good portion of "fake news" revolves around how societies and peoples with different backgrounds interpret and construct meaning from a shared set of information. Paul Linebarger's 1948 book "Psychological Warfare" is a powerful read into the roots and methodology of inorganic constructionism of the kind that underlies much of the hundred shades of gray that we today frequently label as "fake news." This is also why purely technological solutions will always struggle with this complex middle ground that constitutes a large portion of "fake news." Instead, "information literacy" coupled with technological assistance offer perhaps the most robust path forward.
You can see more in my latest pieces:
http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/11/30/why- stopping-fake-news-is-so-hard/ http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/10/the- inverted-pyramid-and-how-fake-news-weaponized-modern- journalistic-practice/ http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/11/the- global-perspective-on-fake-news/ http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/11/how- data-and-information-literacy-could-end-fake-news/
Kalev http:/kalevleetaru.com/ http://blog.gdeltproject.org/
On Friday, December 9, 2016, Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media)
news
influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
Thanks, Yosem _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org <javascript:;> mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
-- --
*Carolina Cambre PhD Assistant Professor Concordia University, Montreal Centre for Global Citizenship Education & Research Fellow Affiliate of Concordia University - Centre for Oral History and Digital Storytelling http://storytelling.concordia.ca/content/cambre-carolina <http://storytelling.concordia.ca/content/cambre-carolina> Book: http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-9781472505293/ <http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-9781472505293/>* <http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-9781472505293/> _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
-- Emma Duke-Williams: Blog: http://emmadukewilliams.co.uk Twitter: http://twitter.com/emmadw
The Copenhagen Center for Information and Bubble Studies (Vincent Hendricks) are surely working on this. http://bubblestudies.ku.dk/ <http://bubblestudies.ku.dk/> For instance: http://sciencenordic.com/facebook-not-about-stimulating-democracy?utm_source... <http://sciencenordic.com/facebook-not-about-stimulating-democracy?utm_source=ScienceNordic.com+Newsletter&utm_campaign=a78a81653e-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_3bb7f89ffc-a78a81653e-239953037> J
Den 13. dec. 2016 kl. 15.39 skrev Emma Duke-Williams <emma.dukewilliams@gmail.com>:
I've skimmed this thread, though not read it in detail, so I may have missed some points. (Also note that I'm not from the US, so, while Trump's election may well indirectly affect the UK, it's not quite like Brexit. [Though if I'm being entirely objective, Trump's election could lead to world instability - and possibly wars. Brexit is more likely to cause UK and possibly EU economic instability; but less likely to lead to a war]
HOwever, my understanding of the phrase "fake news" was the type referred to in https://www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/how-macedonia-became-a-global-hub-fo... rather than selective reporting to suit the needs of the paper etc., nor the filtering by people based on their personal beliefs. [There was also a section on BBC Radio 4's "From our own correspondent" http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006qjlq/episodes/player - it's the one called "Real or Fake". There is also a World service of that programme, so may be available outside the UK;.
I did see someone else had also recommended the article in the Observer Newspaper 10 days ago. Well worth reading.
As to academic research - it's quite soon for that, however, have you looked for work on Scotland's Independence Referendum?
On 12 December 2016 at 17:13, MC Cambre <mcambre@ualberta.ca> wrote:
This burns me because I fell for the professor blacklist story (had some people I knew on it) even after I had hunted down all the references, and the organization that started it (I still don't even know if they are real).
Just wondering if we are overlooking outright lying? https://theintercept.com/2016/12/09/a-clinton-fan-manufactured-fake-news-tha... The issue is mushrooming online with sites now dedicated to 'debunking' fake news as well. At the same time there is implicit trust of search engines like Google, while they actually work to camouflage them. http://www.theverge.com/2016/12/6/13850230/fake-news-sites-google-search-fac...
On Mon, Dec 12, 2016 at 3:28 PM, kalev leetaru <kalev.leetaru5@gmail.com> wrote:
The concept of "fake news" is very complex, ranging from satirical to misleading to malicious content and, when looking globally, covers not just social media, but SMS and FTF communication. Much like humor, where one person's hilarious joke might be deeply offensive to another, a good portion of "fake news" revolves around how societies and peoples with different backgrounds interpret and construct meaning from a shared set of information. Paul Linebarger's 1948 book "Psychological Warfare" is a powerful read into the roots and methodology of inorganic constructionism of the kind that underlies much of the hundred shades of gray that we today frequently label as "fake news." This is also why purely technological solutions will always struggle with this complex middle ground that constitutes a large portion of "fake news." Instead, "information literacy" coupled with technological assistance offer perhaps the most robust path forward.
You can see more in my latest pieces:
http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/11/30/why- stopping-fake-news-is-so-hard/ http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/10/the- inverted-pyramid-and-how-fake-news-weaponized-modern- journalistic-practice/ http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/11/the- global-perspective-on-fake-news/ http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/11/how- data-and-information-literacy-could-end-fake-news/
Kalev http:/kalevleetaru.com/ http://blog.gdeltproject.org/
On Friday, December 9, 2016, Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media)
news
influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
Thanks, Yosem _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org <javascript:;> mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
-- --
*Carolina Cambre PhD Assistant Professor Concordia University, Montreal Centre for Global Citizenship Education & Research Fellow Affiliate of Concordia University - Centre for Oral History and Digital Storytelling http://storytelling.concordia.ca/content/cambre-carolina <http://storytelling.concordia.ca/content/cambre-carolina> Book: http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-9781472505293/ <http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-9781472505293/>* <http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/the-semiotics-of-che-guevara-9781472505293/> _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
-- Emma Duke-Williams:
Blog: http://emmadukewilliams.co.uk Twitter: http://twitter.com/emmadw _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
Just adding to this discussion a nice podcast that examines this issue from a historical point-of-view. It's Episode 5: http://manythingsconsidered.com/podcast/ I've also written an article in The Conversation about ways that Facebook could help reduce fake news' spread: https://theconversation.com/three-ways-facebook-could-reduce-fake-news-witho... It's an important topic, and I look forward to the excellent studies that will be spurred by this. ~Jenny -----Original Message----- From: Air-L [mailto:air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org] On Behalf Of jon pers Sent: Tuesday, December 13, 2016 9:52 AM To: Emma Duke-Williams <emma.dukewilliams@gmail.com> Cc: AIR <air-l@aoir.org> Subject: Re: [Air-L] Fake News The Copenhagen Center for Information and Bubble Studies (Vincent Hendricks) are surely working on this. http://bubblestudies.ku.dk/ <http://bubblestudies.ku.dk/> For instance: http://sciencenordic.com/facebook-not-about-stimulating-democracy?utm_source... <http://sciencenordic.com/facebook-not-about-stimulating-democracy?utm_source=ScienceNordic.com+Newsletter&utm_campaign=a78a81653e-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_3bb7f89ffc-a78a81653e-239953037> J
This has been an amazing exchange of ideas. I'm so pleased to be able to benefit from all your thoughts! I've been thinking about proposing a special journal issue on Fake News and the Post-Truth Society...what do you all think? We could also propose at track at AoIR. Just some thoughts, looking forward to hearing any thoughts on the suggestion. Kris -----Original Message----- From: Air-L [mailto:air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org] On Behalf Of Jennifer Stromer-Galley Sent: Tuesday, December 13, 2016 11:12 AM To: AIR Subject: Re: [Air-L] Fake News Just adding to this discussion a nice podcast that examines this issue from a historical point-of-view. It's Episode 5: http://manythingsconsidered.com/podcast/ I've also written an article in The Conversation about ways that Facebook could help reduce fake news' spread: https://theconversation.com/three-ways-facebook-could-reduce-fake-news-witho... It's an important topic, and I look forward to the excellent studies that will be spurred by this. ~Jenny -----Original Message----- From: Air-L [mailto:air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org] On Behalf Of jon pers Sent: Tuesday, December 13, 2016 9:52 AM To: Emma Duke-Williams <emma.dukewilliams@gmail.com> Cc: AIR <air-l@aoir.org> Subject: Re: [Air-L] Fake News The Copenhagen Center for Information and Bubble Studies (Vincent Hendricks) are surely working on this. http://bubblestudies.ku.dk/ <http://bubblestudies.ku.dk/> For instance: http://sciencenordic.com/facebook-not-about-stimulating-democracy?utm_source... <http://sciencenordic.com/facebook-not-about-stimulating-democracy?utm_source=ScienceNordic.com+Newsletter&utm_campaign=a78a81653e-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_3bb7f89ffc-a78a81653e-239953037> J _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
I'm overwhelmed and delighted with the interest in the subject. This is a topic that represents the heart of a free and democratic society, so it is of the utmost importance. A special journal issue sounds amazing. On Tue, Dec 13, 2016 at 9:44 AM, Unsworth,Kristene <ku26@drexel.edu> wrote:
This has been an amazing exchange of ideas. I'm so pleased to be able to benefit from all your thoughts! I've been thinking about proposing a special journal issue on Fake News and the Post-Truth Society...what do you all think? We could also propose at track at AoIR.
Just some thoughts, looking forward to hearing any thoughts on the suggestion.
Kris
-----Original Message----- From: Air-L [mailto:air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org] On Behalf Of Jennifer Stromer-Galley Sent: Tuesday, December 13, 2016 11:12 AM To: AIR Subject: Re: [Air-L] Fake News
Just adding to this discussion a nice podcast that examines this issue from a historical point-of-view. It's Episode 5: http://manythingsconsidered.com/podcast/
I've also written an article in The Conversation about ways that Facebook could help reduce fake news' spread: https://theconversation.com/ three-ways-facebook-could-reduce-fake-news-without- resorting-to-censorship-69033
It's an important topic, and I look forward to the excellent studies that will be spurred by this.
~Jenny
-----Original Message----- From: Air-L [mailto:air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org] On Behalf Of jon pers Sent: Tuesday, December 13, 2016 9:52 AM To: Emma Duke-Williams <emma.dukewilliams@gmail.com> Cc: AIR <air-l@aoir.org> Subject: Re: [Air-L] Fake News
The Copenhagen Center for Information and Bubble Studies (Vincent Hendricks) are surely working on this.
http://bubblestudies.ku.dk/ <http://bubblestudies.ku.dk/>
For instance: http://sciencenordic.com/facebook-not-about-stimulating-democracy?utm_ source=ScienceNordic.com+Newsletter&utm_campaign= a78a81653e-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_ 3bb7f89ffc-a78a81653e-239953037 <http://sciencenordic.com/ facebook-not-about-stimulating-democracy?utm_source=ScienceNordic.com+ Newsletter&utm_campaign=a78a81653e-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN& utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_3bb7f89ffc-a78a81653e-239953037>
J
_______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/ _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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I've really enjoyed reading these emails about fake news. For better or worse I've become connected to this topic <https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2016/11/18/my-fake-news-list-went-viral-but-made-up-stories-are-only-part-of-the-problem/?utm_term=.6e3ba26e7cc0>, and I am currently putting together a book proposal for a co-edited anthology called "Fake News" (broadly construed to include false, conspiratorial, propagandistic, etc. "news"). The book will contain 2-3k word essays, and I've already lined up some pretty awesome contributors in communication & media studies (as well as people who study media literacy, psychology, etc.). I am planning on submitting the full proposal to the listserv in early January, but if anyone wants to talk about potential topics/contributions now, please email me at mzimdars1@gmail.com. Melissa Zimdars (Mish) On Tue, Dec 13, 2016 at 9:44 AM, Unsworth,Kristene <ku26@drexel.edu> wrote:
This has been an amazing exchange of ideas. I'm so pleased to be able to benefit from all your thoughts! I've been thinking about proposing a special journal issue on Fake News and the Post-Truth Society...what do you all think? We could also propose at track at AoIR.
Just some thoughts, looking forward to hearing any thoughts on the suggestion.
Kris
-----Original Message----- From: Air-L [mailto:air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org] On Behalf Of Jennifer Stromer-Galley Sent: Tuesday, December 13, 2016 11:12 AM To: AIR Subject: Re: [Air-L] Fake News
Just adding to this discussion a nice podcast that examines this issue from a historical point-of-view. It's Episode 5: http://manythingsconsidered.com/podcast/
I've also written an article in The Conversation about ways that Facebook could help reduce fake news' spread: https://theconversation.com/ three-ways-facebook-could-reduce-fake-news-without- resorting-to-censorship-69033
It's an important topic, and I look forward to the excellent studies that will be spurred by this.
~Jenny
-----Original Message----- From: Air-L [mailto:air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org] On Behalf Of jon pers Sent: Tuesday, December 13, 2016 9:52 AM To: Emma Duke-Williams <emma.dukewilliams@gmail.com> Cc: AIR <air-l@aoir.org> Subject: Re: [Air-L] Fake News
The Copenhagen Center for Information and Bubble Studies (Vincent Hendricks) are surely working on this.
http://bubblestudies.ku.dk/ <http://bubblestudies.ku.dk/>
For instance: http://sciencenordic.com/facebook-not-about-stimulating-democracy?utm_ source=ScienceNordic.com+Newsletter&utm_campaign= a78a81653e-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_ 3bb7f89ffc-a78a81653e-239953037 <http://sciencenordic.com/ facebook-not-about-stimulating-democracy?utm_source=ScienceNordic.com+ Newsletter&utm_campaign=a78a81653e-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN& utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_3bb7f89ffc-a78a81653e-239953037>
J
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-- *Melissa "Mish" Zimdars, Ph.D.* *Assistant Professor* *Department of Communication and Media* *Merrimack College* *North Andover, MA, USA*
I extracted references from the discussion here to share with my unindicted co-conspirators and thought it might be useful to send it back to the source, y'all. Forgive the reference to listserv but lots of folks don't know they (and netnews groups) are still used. On Fake News: the AIR-L listserv (yes there are still listserv discussion groups) has had a running topic on this for a couple of weeks. Here is a list of items mentioned, I added a couple of items to the two-step discussion. Melissa Zimdars in the Washington Post My ‘fake news list’ went viral. But made-up stories are only part of the problem. Click-bait and “truthiness” are just as bad. https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2016/11/18/my-fake-news-lis... Podcast: Many Things Considered--Looking to politics past to make sense of politics present Episode 5: All the News - Fake and Otherwise http://manythingsconsidered.com/podcast/ Jennifer Stromer-Galley Three ways Facebook could reduce fake news without resorting to censorship https://theconversation.com/three-ways-facebook-could-reduce-fake-news-witho... Real or Fake? Kate Adie introduces correspondents stories: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b083l971 "If you asked Google who won the popular vote just after the election, there’s a chance you would have been sent to a conspiracy blog with bogus results. And the site is likely to have looked as legitimate as any other." FACEBOOK AND GOOGLE MAKE LIES AS PRETTY AS TRUTH How AMP and Instant Articles camouflage fake news http://www.theverge.com/2016/12/6/13850230/fake-news-sites-google-search-fac... *How Social Media Reduces Mass Political Polarization. Evidence from Germany, Spain, and the U.S. *by Paolo Barbera http://pablobarbera.com/static/barbera_polarization_APSA.pdf Kalev Leetaru has a series of articles in Forbes "The concept of "fake news" is very complex, ranging from satirical to misleading to malicious content and, when looking globally, covers not just social media, but SMS and FTF communication. Much like humor, where one person's hilarious joke might be deeply offensive to another, a good portion of "fake news" revolves around how societies and peoples with different backgrounds interpret and construct meaning from a shared set of information." http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/11/30/why-stopping-fake-news-i... http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/10/the-inverted-pyramid-and... http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/11/the-global-perspective-o... http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/11/how-data-and-information... How Social Media Splits the Global Conversation http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/weekend-roundup-147_us_584ad413e4b0e05ad... One of the foundational statements on propaganda. Jacque Ellul's 1973 book *Propaganda: The formation of men's attitudes*. Full Text: https://www.ratical.org/ratville/AoS/Propaganda.pdf Social construction Existentialism Today: Terror Management Theory This is the original introduction for a Letter, tentatively titled, "Can unconscious motivation explain the Climate Crisis." http://cosmism.blogspot.dk/2010/05/existentialism-today-terror-management.ht... Glenn Greenwald A Clinton Fan Manufactured Fake News That MSNBC Personalities Spread to Discredit WikiLeaks Docs https://theintercept.com/2016/12/09/a-clinton-fan-manufactured-fake-news-tha... The threat of post-modern social constructivism was identified long ago in the European J. of Social Psychology. A review of a recent book is more comprehensive: "Postmodernism opens the door to fascism, and is unable to close it again.” http://www.australianreview.net/digest/2004/10/crowder.html Marco Morini wrote about fake news in the 2004 and in the 2008 US elections (Vaccari & Morini, 2014, "The power of smears in two American presidential campaign", Journal of Political Marketing). http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15377857.2014.866021 Propaganda Techniques in Institutional Advertising Leonard I. Pearlin and Morris Rosenberg The Public Opinion Quarterly Vol. 16, No. 1 (Spring, 1952), pp. 5-26 Reuters NewsTracer, an algorithm used to verify news on Twitter http://www.niemanlab.org/2016/11/reuters-built-its-own-algorithmic-predictio... J Michael Sproule's work on the American experience with propaganda and misinformation: His Amazon Author Page: https://www.amazon.com/J.-Michael-Sproule/e/B001HCW8YG and Channels of Propaganda (1994 full text) http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED372461.pdf Google, democracy and the truth about internet search Tech-savvy rightwingers have been able to ‘game’ the algorithms of internet giants and create a new reality where Hitler is a good guy, Jews are evil and… Donald Trump becomes president https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/dec/04/google-democracy-truth-in... Lazarsfeld's two-step communication might argue against the tangible effect of fake news on political behavior https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Lazarsfeld https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-step_flow_of_communication and The Martians Are Coming! 'Broadcast Hysteria' Looks At The War Over 'Worlds' http://www.npr.org/2015/05/09/403130170/the-martians-are-coming-broadcast-hy... and Re-examining The Two-Step Flow of information in the age of digital media: The case of the 2012 presidential election in the United States http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4081&context=etd and The Nature voting study, whether messages circulated via social media might be more influential because of social context. A 61-million-person experiment in social influence and political mobilization http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v489/n7415/full/nature11421.html CIBS--Center for Information and Bubble Studies Post Factual Bubbles and Political Democracy http://bubblestudies.ku.dk/teachingmaterial/politicalbubbles/ Facebook is not about stimulating Democracy http://sciencenordic.com/facebook-not-about-stimulating-democracy?utm_source... Newsletter&utm_campaign=a78a81653e-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_3bb7f89ffc-a78a81653e-239953037 Jeanine Finn's annotated bibliography, part of her dissertation on credibility practices in news reporting. Understanding fake news in 2016:Before the truth gets its pants on https://jeaninefinn.me/2016/11/15/understanding-fake-news-in-2016-before-the... Mark Zuckerberg Is in Denial http://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/15/opinion/mark-zuckerberg-is-in-denial.html The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
On the 'fake news' issue I'd like to suggest a book I am co-author of, is relevant Disorder and the Disinformation Society: The Social Dynamics of Information, Networks and Software It basically argues that dis and mis information is absolutely and inevitably normal in information society and is generated by patterns of communication, sense making, power and commerce. Disorder of information is produced by the social factors which organize information. The first half of the book expounds the theory, and the second half is largely studies of particular aspects of information such as software, finance, intellectual copyright, academia and activism. The book is absurdly expensive which is a function of the factors it describes, but you can get a good read of the opening section on Amazon. You can also find some blog entries based on some of the approach of the book at Trump and the Magic of Information https://cmandchaos.wordpress.com/2016/11/12/trump-and-the-magic-of-informati... Information mess again https://cmandchaos.wordpress.com/2016/12/11/information-mess-again/ jon UTS CRICOS Provider Code: 00099F DISCLAIMER: This email message and any accompanying attachments may contain confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient, do not read, use, disseminate, distribute or copy this message or attachments. If you have received this message in error, please notify the sender immediately and delete this message. Any views expressed in this message are those of the individual sender, except where the sender expressly, and with authority, states them to be the views of the University of Technology Sydney. Before opening any attachments, please check them for viruses and defects. Think. Green. Do. Please consider the environment before printing this email.
More on fake news: Google Won't Alter the Holocaust-Denying Results For ‘Did the Holocaust Happen’ http://gizmodo.com/google-wont-alter-the-holocaust-denying-results-for-di-17... On Tue, Dec 13, 2016 at 12:30 PM, Jonathan Marshall < Jonathan.Marshall@uts.edu.au> wrote:
On the 'fake news' issue I'd like to suggest a book I am co-author of, is relevant
Disorder and the Disinformation Society: The Social Dynamics of Information, Networks and Software
It basically argues that dis and mis information is absolutely and inevitably normal in information society and is generated by patterns of communication, sense making, power and commerce.
Disorder of information is produced by the social factors which organize information.
The first half of the book expounds the theory, and the second half is largely studies of particular aspects of information such as software, finance, intellectual copyright, academia and activism.
The book is absurdly expensive which is a function of the factors it describes, but you can get a good read of the opening section on Amazon.
You can also find some blog entries based on some of the approach of the book at
Trump and the Magic of Information https://cmandchaos.wordpress.com/2016/11/12/trump-and-the- magic-of-information/
Information mess again https://cmandchaos.wordpress.com/2016/12/11/information-mess-again/
jon
UTS CRICOS Provider Code: 00099F DISCLAIMER: This email message and any accompanying attachments may contain confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient, do not read, use, disseminate, distribute or copy this message or attachments. If you have received this message in error, please notify the sender immediately and delete this message. Any views expressed in this message are those of the individual sender, except where the sender expressly, and with authority, states them to be the views of the University of Technology Sydney. Before opening any attachments, please check them for viruses and defects.
Think. Green. Do.
Please consider the environment before printing this email. _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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Highly interesting thread. I have an upcoming article on cloaked Facebook pages, which discusses fake sources on social media and the epistemological difficulties of analysing such content. For related literature to the fake news discussion, I would suggest Jessie Daniels' work on cloaked websites (2009, 2014). She draws on Becker (1949) and his typology of disguised propaganda, which is also highly relevant in this context. Furthermore, I would recommend the books of Andrejevic (2013), Hendricks and Hansen (2014), Berry and Sobieraj (2014), and Floridi (2011) for different perspectives on the topic. References: * Andrejevic, M (2013) Infoglut: How too much information is changing the way wethink and know. London, New York: Routledge. * Becker, H. (1949). The Nature and Consequences of Black Propaganda. American Sociological Association, 14(2), 221–235. * Berry, J. M. & Sobieraj, S. (2014) The Outrage Industry: Political Opinion Media and the New Incivility. Oxford: Oxford University Press * Daniels, J. (2009a). Cloaked websites: propaganda, cyber-racism and epistemology in the digital era. New Media & Society, 11(5), 659–683. http://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809105345 * Daniels, J. (2014). From Crisis Pregnancy Centers to Teenbreaks.com: Anti-abortion Activism’s Use of Cloaked Websites. In M. McCaughey (Ed.) Cyberactivism on the Participatory Web. London: Routledge. * Floridi, L. (2011) The Philosophy of Information. Oxford: Oxford University Press. * Hendricks, V., & Hansen, P. G. (2014). How to Take Information Punches and Save Democracy. New York: Springer. Johan Farkas IT University of Copenhagen Mail: jjfs@itu.dk Phone: +4561346209 Twitter: @jdfarkas --- Latest article --- Schou, J. and Farkas, J. (2016). Algorithms, Interfaces, and the Circulation of Information: Interrogating the Epistemological Challenges of Facebook. KOME - An International Journal of Pure Communication Inquiry 4(1): 36-49. ________________________________ Fra: Air-L <air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org> på vegne af Yosem Companys <ycompanys@gmail.com> Sendt: 13. december 2016 22:38:38 Til: Jonathan Marshall Cc: AIR Emne: Re: [Air-L] Fake News More on fake news: Google Won't Alter the Holocaust-Denying Results For ‘Did the Holocaust Happen’ http://gizmodo.com/google-wont-alter-the-holocaust-denying-results-for-di-17... On Tue, Dec 13, 2016 at 12:30 PM, Jonathan Marshall < Jonathan.Marshall@uts.edu.au> wrote:
On the 'fake news' issue I'd like to suggest a book I am co-author of, is relevant
Disorder and the Disinformation Society: The Social Dynamics of Information, Networks and Software
It basically argues that dis and mis information is absolutely and inevitably normal in information society and is generated by patterns of communication, sense making, power and commerce.
Disorder of information is produced by the social factors which organize information.
The first half of the book expounds the theory, and the second half is largely studies of particular aspects of information such as software, finance, intellectual copyright, academia and activism.
The book is absurdly expensive which is a function of the factors it describes, but you can get a good read of the opening section on Amazon.
You can also find some blog entries based on some of the approach of the book at
Trump and the Magic of Information https://cmandchaos.wordpress.com/2016/11/12/trump-and-the- magic-of-information/
Information mess again https://cmandchaos.wordpress.com/2016/12/11/information-mess-again/
jon
UTS CRICOS Provider Code: 00099F DISCLAIMER: This email message and any accompanying attachments may contain confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient, do not read, use, disseminate, distribute or copy this message or attachments. If you have received this message in error, please notify the sender immediately and delete this message. Any views expressed in this message are those of the individual sender, except where the sender expressly, and with authority, states them to be the views of the University of Technology Sydney. Before opening any attachments, please check them for viruses and defects.
Think. Green. Do.
Please consider the environment before printing this email. _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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_______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
Wow, this is indeed a great discussion, so inspiring! During the panel on misinformation organized at #AoIR16 we presented a first attempt to systematize the literature on the topic (not an easy task because it's broad, interdisciplinary and sometimes contradictory). The results of this effort are now available in a working paper that we made public a couple of weeks ago in the attempt to collect feedback and further stimulate an informed debate. === Fakes, News and the Election: A New Taxonomy for the Study of Misleading Information within the Hybrid Media System Abstract: The widely unexpected outcome of the 2016 US Presidential election prompted a broad debate on the role played by “fake-news” circulating on social media during political campaigns. Despite a relatively vast amount of existing literature on the topic, a general lack of conceptual coherence and a rapidly changing news eco-system hinder the development of effective strategies to tackle the issue. Leveraging on four strands of research in the existing scholarship, the paper introduces a radically new model aimed at describing the process through which misleading information spreads within the hybrid media system in the post-truth era. The application of the model results in four different typologies of propagations. These typologies are used to describe real cases of misleading information from the 2016 US Presidential election. The paper discusses the contribution and implication of the model in tackling the issue of misleading information on a theoretical, empirical, and practical level. Keywords: misinformation, disinformation, hybrid news system, news-making, elections Giglietto, Fabio and Iannelli, Laura and Rossi, Luca and Valeriani, Augusto, Fakes, News and the Election: A New Taxonomy for the Study of Misleading Information within the Hybrid Media System (November 30, 2016). Convegno AssoComPol 2016 (Urbino, 15-17 Dicembre 2016), Forthcoming. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2878774 === While we invested in this work an incredible amount of time and effort, we are fully aware of the enormity of the issue at stake and that we only scratched the surface of it. We are also aware that the implications goes well beyond the US elections (see https://www.buzzfeed.com/albertonardelli/italys-most-popular-political-party... ). We are really looking forward to hear your feedback on our work. Best regards, Fabio Giglietto (on behalf of co-authors Laura Iannelli, Luca Rossi and Augusto Valeriani) On Wed, Dec 14, 2016 at 9:31 AM Johan Dam Farkas <jjfs@itu.dk> wrote:
Highly interesting thread. I have an upcoming article on cloaked Facebook pages, which discusses fake sources on social media and the epistemological difficulties of analysing such content.
For related literature to the fake news discussion, I would suggest Jessie Daniels' work on cloaked websites (2009, 2014). She draws on Becker (1949) and his typology of disguised propaganda, which is also highly relevant in this context.
Furthermore, I would recommend the books of Andrejevic (2013), Hendricks and Hansen (2014), Berry and Sobieraj (2014), and Floridi (2011) for different perspectives on the topic.
References:
* Andrejevic, M (2013) Infoglut: How too much information is changing the way wethink and know. London, New York: Routledge. * Becker, H. (1949). The Nature and Consequences of Black Propaganda. American Sociological Association, 14(2), 221–235. * Berry, J. M. & Sobieraj, S. (2014) The Outrage Industry: Political Opinion Media and the New Incivility. Oxford: Oxford University Press * Daniels, J. (2009a). Cloaked websites: propaganda, cyber-racism and epistemology in the digital era. New Media & Society, 11(5), 659–683. http://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809105345 * Daniels, J. (2014). From Crisis Pregnancy Centers to Teenbreaks.com: Anti-abortion Activism’s Use of Cloaked Websites. In M. McCaughey (Ed.) Cyberactivism on the Participatory Web. London: Routledge. * Floridi, L. (2011) The Philosophy of Information. Oxford: Oxford University Press. * Hendricks, V., & Hansen, P. G. (2014). How to Take Information Punches and Save Democracy. New York: Springer.
Johan Farkas IT University of Copenhagen Mail: jjfs@itu.dk Phone: +4561346209 <+45%2061%2034%2062%2009> Twitter: @jdfarkas
--- Latest article --- Schou, J. and Farkas, J. (2016). Algorithms, Interfaces, and the Circulation of Information: Interrogating the Epistemological Challenges of Facebook. KOME - An International Journal of Pure Communication Inquiry 4(1): 36-49. ________________________________ Fra: Air-L <air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org> på vegne af Yosem Companys < ycompanys@gmail.com> Sendt: 13. december 2016 22:38:38 Til: Jonathan Marshall Cc: AIR Emne: Re: [Air-L] Fake News
More on fake news:
Google Won't Alter the Holocaust-Denying Results For ‘Did the Holocaust Happen’
http://gizmodo.com/google-wont-alter-the-holocaust-denying-results-for-di-17...
On Tue, Dec 13, 2016 at 12:30 PM, Jonathan Marshall < Jonathan.Marshall@uts.edu.au> wrote:
On the 'fake news' issue I'd like to suggest a book I am co-author of, is relevant
Disorder and the Disinformation Society: The Social Dynamics of Information, Networks and Software
It basically argues that dis and mis information is absolutely and inevitably normal in information society and is generated by patterns of communication, sense making, power and commerce.
Disorder of information is produced by the social factors which organize information.
The first half of the book expounds the theory, and the second half is largely studies of particular aspects of information such as software, finance, intellectual copyright, academia and activism.
The book is absurdly expensive which is a function of the factors it describes, but you can get a good read of the opening section on Amazon.
You can also find some blog entries based on some of the approach of the book at
Trump and the Magic of Information https://cmandchaos.wordpress.com/2016/11/12/trump-and-the- magic-of-information/
Information mess again https://cmandchaos.wordpress.com/2016/12/11/information-mess-again/
jon
UTS CRICOS Provider Code: 00099F DISCLAIMER: This email message and any accompanying attachments may contain confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient, do not read, use, disseminate, distribute or copy this message or attachments. If you have received this message in error, please notify
the
sender immediately and delete this message. Any views expressed in this message are those of the individual sender, except where the sender expressly, and with authority, states them to be the views of the University of Technology Sydney. Before opening any attachments, please check them for viruses and defects.
Think. Green. Do.
Please consider the environment before printing this email. _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
_______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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Dear all, A video which surfaced a few hours ago, relevant to this very interesting thread: https://www.reddit.com/r/videos/comments/5ihyvu/reddit_for_sale_how_we_bough... Matt -- Matthew Jewell PhD candidate School of Law University of Edinburgh http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/research/students/viewstudent?ref=330 https://twitter.com/matthew_jewell On 14/12/2016, 13:37, "Air-L on behalf of Fabio Giglietto" <air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org on behalf of fabio.giglietto@uniurb.it> wrote: Wow, this is indeed a great discussion, so inspiring! During the panel on misinformation organized at #AoIR16 we presented a first attempt to systematize the literature on the topic (not an easy task because it's broad, interdisciplinary and sometimes contradictory). The results of this effort are now available in a working paper that we made public a couple of weeks ago in the attempt to collect feedback and further stimulate an informed debate. === Fakes, News and the Election: A New Taxonomy for the Study of Misleading Information within the Hybrid Media System Abstract: The widely unexpected outcome of the 2016 US Presidential election prompted a broad debate on the role played by “fake-news” circulating on social media during political campaigns. Despite a relatively vast amount of existing literature on the topic, a general lack of conceptual coherence and a rapidly changing news eco-system hinder the development of effective strategies to tackle the issue. Leveraging on four strands of research in the existing scholarship, the paper introduces a radically new model aimed at describing the process through which misleading information spreads within the hybrid media system in the post-truth era. The application of the model results in four different typologies of propagations. These typologies are used to describe real cases of misleading information from the 2016 US Presidential election. The paper discusses the contribution and implication of the model in tackling the issue of misleading information on a theoretical, empirical, and practical level. Keywords: misinformation, disinformation, hybrid news system, news-making, elections Giglietto, Fabio and Iannelli, Laura and Rossi, Luca and Valeriani, Augusto, Fakes, News and the Election: A New Taxonomy for the Study of Misleading Information within the Hybrid Media System (November 30, 2016). Convegno AssoComPol 2016 (Urbino, 15-17 Dicembre 2016), Forthcoming. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2878774 === While we invested in this work an incredible amount of time and effort, we are fully aware of the enormity of the issue at stake and that we only scratched the surface of it. We are also aware that the implications goes well beyond the US elections (see https://www.buzzfeed.com/albertonardelli/italys-most-popular-political-party... ). We are really looking forward to hear your feedback on our work. Best regards, Fabio Giglietto (on behalf of co-authors Laura Iannelli, Luca Rossi and Augusto Valeriani) On Wed, Dec 14, 2016 at 9:31 AM Johan Dam Farkas <jjfs@itu.dk> wrote: > Highly interesting thread. > I have an upcoming article on cloaked Facebook pages, which discusses fake > sources on social media and the epistemological difficulties of analysing > such content. > > For related literature to the fake news discussion, I would suggest Jessie > Daniels' work on cloaked websites (2009, 2014). She draws on Becker (1949) > and his typology of disguised propaganda, which is also highly relevant in > this context. > > Furthermore, I would recommend the books of Andrejevic (2013), Hendricks > and Hansen (2014), Berry and Sobieraj (2014), and Floridi (2011) for > different perspectives on the topic. > > References: > > * Andrejevic, M (2013) Infoglut: How too much information is changing > the way wethink and know. London, New York: Routledge. > * Becker, H. (1949). The Nature and Consequences of Black Propaganda. > American Sociological Association, 14(2), 221–235. > * Berry, J. M. & Sobieraj, S. (2014) The Outrage Industry: Political > Opinion Media and the New Incivility. Oxford: Oxford University Press > * Daniels, J. (2009a). Cloaked websites: propaganda, cyber-racism and > epistemology in the digital era. New Media & Society, 11(5), 659–683. > http://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809105345 > * Daniels, J. (2014). From Crisis Pregnancy Centers to Teenbreaks.com: > Anti-abortion Activism’s Use of Cloaked Websites. In M. McCaughey (Ed.) > Cyberactivism on the Participatory Web. London: Routledge. > * Floridi, L. (2011) The Philosophy of Information. Oxford: Oxford > University Press. > * Hendricks, V., & Hansen, P. G. (2014). How to Take Information > Punches and Save Democracy. New York: Springer. > > Johan Farkas > IT University of Copenhagen > Mail: jjfs@itu.dk > Phone: +4561346209 <+45%2061%2034%2062%2009> > Twitter: @jdfarkas > > --- Latest article --- > Schou, J. and Farkas, J. (2016). Algorithms, Interfaces, and the > Circulation of Information: Interrogating the Epistemological Challenges of > Facebook. KOME - An International Journal of Pure Communication Inquiry > 4(1): 36-49. > ________________________________ > Fra: Air-L <air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org> på vegne af Yosem Companys < > ycompanys@gmail.com> > Sendt: 13. december 2016 22:38:38 > Til: Jonathan Marshall > Cc: AIR > Emne: Re: [Air-L] Fake News > > More on fake news: > > Google Won't Alter the Holocaust-Denying Results For ‘Did the Holocaust > Happen’ > > http://gizmodo.com/google-wont-alter-the-holocaust-denying-results-for-di-17... > > On Tue, Dec 13, 2016 at 12:30 PM, Jonathan Marshall < > Jonathan.Marshall@uts.edu.au> wrote: > > > > > On the 'fake news' issue I'd like to suggest a book I am co-author of, is > > relevant > > > > Disorder and the Disinformation Society: The Social Dynamics of > > Information, Networks and Software > > > > It basically argues that dis and mis information is absolutely and > > inevitably normal in information society and is generated by patterns of > > communication, sense making, power and commerce. > > > > Disorder of information is produced by the social factors which organize > > information. > > > > The first half of the book expounds the theory, and the second half is > > largely studies of particular aspects of information such as software, > > finance, intellectual copyright, academia and activism. > > > > The book is absurdly expensive which is a function of the factors it > > describes, but you can get a good read of the opening section on Amazon. > > > > You can also find some blog entries based on some of the approach of the > > book at > > > > Trump and the Magic of Information > > https://cmandchaos.wordpress.com/2016/11/12/trump-and-the- > > magic-of-information/ > > > > Information mess again > > https://cmandchaos.wordpress.com/2016/12/11/information-mess-again/ > > > > jon > > > > > > UTS CRICOS Provider Code: 00099F > > DISCLAIMER: This email message and any accompanying attachments may > > contain confidential information. > > If you are not the intended recipient, do not read, use, disseminate, > > distribute or copy this message or > > attachments. If you have received this message in error, please notify > the > > sender immediately and delete > > this message. Any views expressed in this message are those of the > > individual sender, except where the > > sender expressly, and with authority, states them to be the views of the > > University of Technology Sydney. > > Before opening any attachments, please check them for viruses and > defects. > > > > Think. Green. Do. > > > > Please consider the environment before printing this email. > > _______________________________________________ > > The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list > > is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org > > Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ > > listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org > > > > Join the Association of Internet Researchers: > > http://www.aoir.org/ > > > _______________________________________________ > The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list > is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org > Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: > http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org > > Join the Association of Internet Researchers: > http://www.aoir.org/ > _______________________________________________ > The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list > is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org > Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: > http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org > > Join the Association of Internet Researchers: > http://www.aoir.org/ _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/ -- The University of Edinburgh is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, with registration number SC005336.
I saw Tim Wu present about his new book, “The Attention Merchants”, last night and although the recent US election is not in the book he did discuss attention, fake news, and the election, so I’d bet the book has some nice gems.
On Dec 15, 2016, at 1:49 PM, JEWELL Matthew <M.Jewell@ed.ac.uk> wrote:
Dear all,
A video which surfaced a few hours ago, relevant to this very interesting thread: https://www.reddit.com/r/videos/comments/5ihyvu/reddit_for_sale_how_we_bough...
Matt
-- Matthew Jewell PhD candidate School of Law University of Edinburgh http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/research/students/viewstudent?ref=330 https://twitter.com/matthew_jewell
On 14/12/2016, 13:37, "Air-L on behalf of Fabio Giglietto" <air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org on behalf of fabio.giglietto@uniurb.it> wrote:
Wow, this is indeed a great discussion, so inspiring!
During the panel on misinformation organized at #AoIR16 we presented a first attempt to systematize the literature on the topic (not an easy task because it's broad, interdisciplinary and sometimes contradictory). The results of this effort are now available in a working paper that we made public a couple of weeks ago in the attempt to collect feedback and further stimulate an informed debate.
=== Fakes, News and the Election: A New Taxonomy for the Study of Misleading Information within the Hybrid Media System
Abstract: The widely unexpected outcome of the 2016 US Presidential election prompted a broad debate on the role played by “fake-news” circulating on social media during political campaigns. Despite a relatively vast amount of existing literature on the topic, a general lack of conceptual coherence and a rapidly changing news eco-system hinder the development of effective strategies to tackle the issue. Leveraging on four strands of research in the existing scholarship, the paper introduces a radically new model aimed at describing the process through which misleading information spreads within the hybrid media system in the post-truth era. The application of the model results in four different typologies of propagations. These typologies are used to describe real cases of misleading information from the 2016 US Presidential election. The paper discusses the contribution and implication of the model in tackling the issue of misleading information on a theoretical, empirical, and practical level.
Keywords: misinformation, disinformation, hybrid news system, news-making, elections
Giglietto, Fabio and Iannelli, Laura and Rossi, Luca and Valeriani, Augusto, Fakes, News and the Election: A New Taxonomy for the Study of Misleading Information within the Hybrid Media System (November 30, 2016). Convegno AssoComPol 2016 (Urbino, 15-17 Dicembre 2016), Forthcoming. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2878774 ===
While we invested in this work an incredible amount of time and effort, we are fully aware of the enormity of the issue at stake and that we only scratched the surface of it. We are also aware that the implications goes well beyond the US elections (see https://www.buzzfeed.com/albertonardelli/italys-most-popular-political-party... ).
We are really looking forward to hear your feedback on our work.
Best regards, Fabio Giglietto (on behalf of co-authors Laura Iannelli, Luca Rossi and Augusto Valeriani)
On Wed, Dec 14, 2016 at 9:31 AM Johan Dam Farkas <jjfs@itu.dk> wrote:
Highly interesting thread. I have an upcoming article on cloaked Facebook pages, which discusses fake sources on social media and the epistemological difficulties of analysing such content.
For related literature to the fake news discussion, I would suggest Jessie Daniels' work on cloaked websites (2009, 2014). She draws on Becker (1949) and his typology of disguised propaganda, which is also highly relevant in this context.
Furthermore, I would recommend the books of Andrejevic (2013), Hendricks and Hansen (2014), Berry and Sobieraj (2014), and Floridi (2011) for different perspectives on the topic.
References:
* Andrejevic, M (2013) Infoglut: How too much information is changing the way wethink and know. London, New York: Routledge. * Becker, H. (1949). The Nature and Consequences of Black Propaganda. American Sociological Association, 14(2), 221–235. * Berry, J. M. & Sobieraj, S. (2014) The Outrage Industry: Political Opinion Media and the New Incivility. Oxford: Oxford University Press * Daniels, J. (2009a). Cloaked websites: propaganda, cyber-racism and epistemology in the digital era. New Media & Society, 11(5), 659–683. http://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809105345 * Daniels, J. (2014). From Crisis Pregnancy Centers to Teenbreaks.com: Anti-abortion Activism’s Use of Cloaked Websites. In M. McCaughey (Ed.) Cyberactivism on the Participatory Web. London: Routledge. * Floridi, L. (2011) The Philosophy of Information. Oxford: Oxford University Press. * Hendricks, V., & Hansen, P. G. (2014). How to Take Information Punches and Save Democracy. New York: Springer.
Johan Farkas IT University of Copenhagen Mail: jjfs@itu.dk Phone: +4561346209 <+45%2061%2034%2062%2009> Twitter: @jdfarkas
--- Latest article --- Schou, J. and Farkas, J. (2016). Algorithms, Interfaces, and the Circulation of Information: Interrogating the Epistemological Challenges of Facebook. KOME - An International Journal of Pure Communication Inquiry 4(1): 36-49. ________________________________ Fra: Air-L <air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org> på vegne af Yosem Companys < ycompanys@gmail.com> Sendt: 13. december 2016 22:38:38 Til: Jonathan Marshall Cc: AIR Emne: Re: [Air-L] Fake News
More on fake news:
Google Won't Alter the Holocaust-Denying Results For ‘Did the Holocaust Happen’
http://gizmodo.com/google-wont-alter-the-holocaust-denying-results-for-di-17...
On Tue, Dec 13, 2016 at 12:30 PM, Jonathan Marshall < Jonathan.Marshall@uts.edu.au> wrote:
On the 'fake news' issue I'd like to suggest a book I am co-author of, is relevant
Disorder and the Disinformation Society: The Social Dynamics of Information, Networks and Software
It basically argues that dis and mis information is absolutely and inevitably normal in information society and is generated by patterns of communication, sense making, power and commerce.
Disorder of information is produced by the social factors which organize information.
The first half of the book expounds the theory, and the second half is largely studies of particular aspects of information such as software, finance, intellectual copyright, academia and activism.
The book is absurdly expensive which is a function of the factors it describes, but you can get a good read of the opening section on Amazon.
You can also find some blog entries based on some of the approach of the book at
Trump and the Magic of Information https://cmandchaos.wordpress.com/2016/11/12/trump-and-the- magic-of-information/
Information mess again https://cmandchaos.wordpress.com/2016/12/11/information-mess-again/
jon
UTS CRICOS Provider Code: 00099F DISCLAIMER: This email message and any accompanying attachments may contain confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient, do not read, use, disseminate, distribute or copy this message or attachments. If you have received this message in error, please notify
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sender immediately and delete this message. Any views expressed in this message are those of the individual sender, except where the sender expressly, and with authority, states them to be the views of the University of Technology Sydney. Before opening any attachments, please check them for viruses and defects.
Think. Green. Do.
Please consider the environment before printing this email. _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
_______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/ _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
-- The University of Edinburgh is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, with registration number SC005336.
_______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
------------------------------- Nathaniel Poor, Ph.D. https://github.com/natpoor http://natpoor.blogspot.com/ https://sites.google.com/site/natpoor/ http://www.underwood-institute.org/
Good thread. Just thinking aloud (atext?), especially but not exclusively about earlier posts on social construction/relativism/"truth". I have just skimmed, so at the risk of restating, or stating the obvious. . . Keeping in mind an analytical/methodological typology derived from old school media studies 101 could be useful for clarity on the topic, i.e. moments of: production/producer; the text itself; audience/consumption/use; plus the medium. Thus for producer/production: intent to deceive, intent to persuade, intent to make money, intent to inform, plus political-economic processes and contexts (who gets to create the texts?), etc. For text: verifiability, ambiguity, visual, aural, textual characteristics, context of other texts, etc. Audience: belief (as distinct from truth), other reactions/effects, cultural/social characteristics and context of audience members etc. Medium: immediacy, access, constraints and enablements of different platforms, etc. As a category this one might be collapsable variously into text and production, but there are arguments for keeping it distinct, too. In reality the relation between all these is dynamic, but could be a useful set of analytical distinctions. Chris Richter Hollins University
On Dec 15, 2016, at 2:51 PM, Nathaniel Poor <natpoor@gmail.com> wrote:
I saw Tim Wu present about his new book, “The Attention Merchants”, last night and although the recent US election is not in the book he did discuss attention, fake news, and the election, so I’d bet the book has some nice gems.
On Dec 15, 2016, at 1:49 PM, JEWELL Matthew <M.Jewell@ed.ac.uk> wrote:
Dear all,
A video which surfaced a few hours ago, relevant to this very interesting thread: https://www.reddit.com/r/videos/comments/5ihyvu/reddit_for_sale_how_we_bough...
Matt
-- Matthew Jewell PhD candidate School of Law University of Edinburgh http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/research/students/viewstudent?ref=330 https://twitter.com/matthew_jewell
On 14/12/2016, 13:37, "Air-L on behalf of Fabio Giglietto" <air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org on behalf of fabio.giglietto@uniurb.it> wrote:
Wow, this is indeed a great discussion, so inspiring!
During the panel on misinformation organized at #AoIR16 we presented a first attempt to systematize the literature on the topic (not an easy task because it's broad, interdisciplinary and sometimes contradictory). The results of this effort are now available in a working paper that we made public a couple of weeks ago in the attempt to collect feedback and further stimulate an informed debate.
=== Fakes, News and the Election: A New Taxonomy for the Study of Misleading Information within the Hybrid Media System
Abstract: The widely unexpected outcome of the 2016 US Presidential election prompted a broad debate on the role played by “fake-news” circulating on social media during political campaigns. Despite a relatively vast amount of existing literature on the topic, a general lack of conceptual coherence and a rapidly changing news eco-system hinder the development of effective strategies to tackle the issue. Leveraging on four strands of research in the existing scholarship, the paper introduces a radically new model aimed at describing the process through which misleading information spreads within the hybrid media system in the post-truth era. The application of the model results in four different typologies of propagations. These typologies are used to describe real cases of misleading information from the 2016 US Presidential election. The paper discusses the contribution and implication of the model in tackling the issue of misleading information on a theoretical, empirical, and practical level.
Keywords: misinformation, disinformation, hybrid news system, news-making, elections
Giglietto, Fabio and Iannelli, Laura and Rossi, Luca and Valeriani, Augusto, Fakes, News and the Election: A New Taxonomy for the Study of Misleading Information within the Hybrid Media System (November 30, 2016). Convegno AssoComPol 2016 (Urbino, 15-17 Dicembre 2016), Forthcoming. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2878774 ===
While we invested in this work an incredible amount of time and effort, we are fully aware of the enormity of the issue at stake and that we only scratched the surface of it. We are also aware that the implications goes well beyond the US elections (see https://www.buzzfeed.com/albertonardelli/italys-most-popular-political-party... ).
We are really looking forward to hear your feedback on our work.
Best regards, Fabio Giglietto (on behalf of co-authors Laura Iannelli, Luca Rossi and Augusto Valeriani)
On Wed, Dec 14, 2016 at 9:31 AM Johan Dam Farkas <jjfs@itu.dk> wrote:
Highly interesting thread. I have an upcoming article on cloaked Facebook pages, which discusses fake sources on social media and the epistemological difficulties of analysing such content.
For related literature to the fake news discussion, I would suggest Jessie Daniels' work on cloaked websites (2009, 2014). She draws on Becker (1949) and his typology of disguised propaganda, which is also highly relevant in this context.
Furthermore, I would recommend the books of Andrejevic (2013), Hendricks and Hansen (2014), Berry and Sobieraj (2014), and Floridi (2011) for different perspectives on the topic.
References:
* Andrejevic, M (2013) Infoglut: How too much information is changing the way wethink and know. London, New York: Routledge. * Becker, H. (1949). The Nature and Consequences of Black Propaganda. American Sociological Association, 14(2), 221–235. * Berry, J. M. & Sobieraj, S. (2014) The Outrage Industry: Political Opinion Media and the New Incivility. Oxford: Oxford University Press * Daniels, J. (2009a). Cloaked websites: propaganda, cyber-racism and epistemology in the digital era. New Media & Society, 11(5), 659–683. http://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809105345 * Daniels, J. (2014). From Crisis Pregnancy Centers to Teenbreaks.com: Anti-abortion Activism’s Use of Cloaked Websites. In M. McCaughey (Ed.) Cyberactivism on the Participatory Web. London: Routledge. * Floridi, L. (2011) The Philosophy of Information. Oxford: Oxford University Press. * Hendricks, V., & Hansen, P. G. (2014). How to Take Information Punches and Save Democracy. New York: Springer.
Johan Farkas IT University of Copenhagen Mail: jjfs@itu.dk Phone: +4561346209 <+45%2061%2034%2062%2009> Twitter: @jdfarkas
--- Latest article --- Schou, J. and Farkas, J. (2016). Algorithms, Interfaces, and the Circulation of Information: Interrogating the Epistemological Challenges of Facebook. KOME - An International Journal of Pure Communication Inquiry 4(1): 36-49. ________________________________ Fra: Air-L <air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org> på vegne af Yosem Companys < ycompanys@gmail.com> Sendt: 13. december 2016 22:38:38 Til: Jonathan Marshall Cc: AIR Emne: Re: [Air-L] Fake News
More on fake news:
Google Won't Alter the Holocaust-Denying Results For ‘Did the Holocaust Happen’
http://gizmodo.com/google-wont-alter-the-holocaust-denying-results-for-di-17...
On Tue, Dec 13, 2016 at 12:30 PM, Jonathan Marshall < Jonathan.Marshall@uts.edu.au> wrote:
On the 'fake news' issue I'd like to suggest a book I am co-author of, is relevant
Disorder and the Disinformation Society: The Social Dynamics of Information, Networks and Software
It basically argues that dis and mis information is absolutely and inevitably normal in information society and is generated by patterns of communication, sense making, power and commerce.
Disorder of information is produced by the social factors which organize information.
The first half of the book expounds the theory, and the second half is largely studies of particular aspects of information such as software, finance, intellectual copyright, academia and activism.
The book is absurdly expensive which is a function of the factors it describes, but you can get a good read of the opening section on Amazon.
You can also find some blog entries based on some of the approach of the book at
Trump and the Magic of Information https://cmandchaos.wordpress.com/2016/11/12/trump-and-the- magic-of-information/
Information mess again https://cmandchaos.wordpress.com/2016/12/11/information-mess-again/
jon
UTS CRICOS Provider Code: 00099F DISCLAIMER: This email message and any accompanying attachments may contain confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient, do not read, use, disseminate, distribute or copy this message or attachments. If you have received this message in error, please notify
the
sender immediately and delete this message. Any views expressed in this message are those of the individual sender, except where the sender expressly, and with authority, states them to be the views of the University of Technology Sydney. Before opening any attachments, please check them for viruses and defects.
Think. Green. Do.
Please consider the environment before printing this email. _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/ _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
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Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
-- The University of Edinburgh is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, with registration number SC005336.
_______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
------------------------------- Nathaniel Poor, Ph.D. https://github.com/natpoor http://natpoor.blogspot.com/ https://sites.google.com/site/natpoor/ http://www.underwood-institute.org/
_______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
A belated reply! I'd also check out the Tow Center's report by Craig Silverman, who did a sizeable mixed-methods study in 2015 on how fake news, rumors, and misinformation spread online: http://towcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/LiesDamnLies_Silverman_TowCe... I'm not sure why I didn't think about this before. I'm was three quarters of the way through grading a stack of reading responses to this report for my media technologies class when it slowly emerged from my subconscious that this would've been highly relevant to the conversation. All the Best, Josh On 12/17/2016 09:22 AM, Christopher J. Richter wrote:
Good thread.
Just thinking aloud (atext?), especially but not exclusively about earlier posts on social construction/relativism/"truth". I have just skimmed, so at the risk of restating, or stating the obvious. . .
Keeping in mind an analytical/methodological typology derived from old school media studies 101 could be useful for clarity on the topic, i.e. moments of: production/producer; the text itself; audience/consumption/use; plus the medium.
Thus for producer/production: intent to deceive, intent to persuade, intent to make money, intent to inform, plus political-economic processes and contexts (who gets to create the texts?), etc.
For text: verifiability, ambiguity, visual, aural, textual characteristics, context of other texts, etc.
Audience: belief (as distinct from truth), other reactions/effects, cultural/social characteristics and context of audience members etc.
Medium: immediacy, access, constraints and enablements of different platforms, etc. As a category this one might be collapsable variously into text and production, but there are arguments for keeping it distinct, too.
In reality the relation between all these is dynamic, but could be a useful set of analytical distinctions.
Chris Richter Hollins University
On Dec 15, 2016, at 2:51 PM, Nathaniel Poor <natpoor@gmail.com> wrote:
I saw Tim Wu present about his new book, “The Attention Merchants”, last night and although the recent US election is not in the book he did discuss attention, fake news, and the election, so I’d bet the book has some nice gems.
On Dec 15, 2016, at 1:49 PM, JEWELL Matthew <M.Jewell@ed.ac.uk> wrote:
Dear all,
A video which surfaced a few hours ago, relevant to this very interesting thread: https://www.reddit.com/r/videos/comments/5ihyvu/reddit_for_sale_how_we_bough...
Matt
-- Matthew Jewell PhD candidate School of Law University of Edinburgh http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/research/students/viewstudent?ref=330 https://twitter.com/matthew_jewell
On 14/12/2016, 13:37, "Air-L on behalf of Fabio Giglietto" <air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org on behalf of fabio.giglietto@uniurb.it> wrote:
Wow, this is indeed a great discussion, so inspiring!
During the panel on misinformation organized at #AoIR16 we presented a first attempt to systematize the literature on the topic (not an easy task because it's broad, interdisciplinary and sometimes contradictory). The results of this effort are now available in a working paper that we made public a couple of weeks ago in the attempt to collect feedback and further stimulate an informed debate.
=== Fakes, News and the Election: A New Taxonomy for the Study of Misleading Information within the Hybrid Media System
Abstract: The widely unexpected outcome of the 2016 US Presidential election prompted a broad debate on the role played by “fake-news” circulating on social media during political campaigns. Despite a relatively vast amount of existing literature on the topic, a general lack of conceptual coherence and a rapidly changing news eco-system hinder the development of effective strategies to tackle the issue. Leveraging on four strands of research in the existing scholarship, the paper introduces a radically new model aimed at describing the process through which misleading information spreads within the hybrid media system in the post-truth era. The application of the model results in four different typologies of propagations. These typologies are used to describe real cases of misleading information from the 2016 US Presidential election. The paper discusses the contribution and implication of the model in tackling the issue of misleading information on a theoretical, empirical, and practical level.
Keywords: misinformation, disinformation, hybrid news system, news-making, elections
Giglietto, Fabio and Iannelli, Laura and Rossi, Luca and Valeriani, Augusto, Fakes, News and the Election: A New Taxonomy for the Study of Misleading Information within the Hybrid Media System (November 30, 2016). Convegno AssoComPol 2016 (Urbino, 15-17 Dicembre 2016), Forthcoming. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2878774 ===
While we invested in this work an incredible amount of time and effort, we are fully aware of the enormity of the issue at stake and that we only scratched the surface of it. We are also aware that the implications goes well beyond the US elections (see https://www.buzzfeed.com/albertonardelli/italys-most-popular-political-party... ).
We are really looking forward to hear your feedback on our work.
Best regards, Fabio Giglietto (on behalf of co-authors Laura Iannelli, Luca Rossi and Augusto Valeriani)
On Wed, Dec 14, 2016 at 9:31 AM Johan Dam Farkas <jjfs@itu.dk> wrote:
Highly interesting thread. I have an upcoming article on cloaked Facebook pages, which discusses fake sources on social media and the epistemological difficulties of analysing such content.
For related literature to the fake news discussion, I would suggest Jessie Daniels' work on cloaked websites (2009, 2014). She draws on Becker (1949) and his typology of disguised propaganda, which is also highly relevant in this context.
Furthermore, I would recommend the books of Andrejevic (2013), Hendricks and Hansen (2014), Berry and Sobieraj (2014), and Floridi (2011) for different perspectives on the topic.
References:
* Andrejevic, M (2013) Infoglut: How too much information is changing the way wethink and know. London, New York: Routledge. * Becker, H. (1949). The Nature and Consequences of Black Propaganda. American Sociological Association, 14(2), 221–235. * Berry, J. M. & Sobieraj, S. (2014) The Outrage Industry: Political Opinion Media and the New Incivility. Oxford: Oxford University Press * Daniels, J. (2009a). Cloaked websites: propaganda, cyber-racism and epistemology in the digital era. New Media & Society, 11(5), 659–683. http://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809105345 * Daniels, J. (2014). From Crisis Pregnancy Centers to Teenbreaks.com: Anti-abortion Activism’s Use of Cloaked Websites. In M. McCaughey (Ed.) Cyberactivism on the Participatory Web. London: Routledge. * Floridi, L. (2011) The Philosophy of Information. Oxford: Oxford University Press. * Hendricks, V., & Hansen, P. G. (2014). How to Take Information Punches and Save Democracy. New York: Springer.
Johan Farkas IT University of Copenhagen Mail: jjfs@itu.dk Phone: +4561346209 <+45%2061%2034%2062%2009> Twitter: @jdfarkas
--- Latest article --- Schou, J. and Farkas, J. (2016). Algorithms, Interfaces, and the Circulation of Information: Interrogating the Epistemological Challenges of Facebook. KOME - An International Journal of Pure Communication Inquiry 4(1): 36-49. ________________________________ Fra: Air-L <air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org> på vegne af Yosem Companys < ycompanys@gmail.com> Sendt: 13. december 2016 22:38:38 Til: Jonathan Marshall Cc: AIR Emne: Re: [Air-L] Fake News
More on fake news:
Google Won't Alter the Holocaust-Denying Results For ‘Did the Holocaust Happen’
http://gizmodo.com/google-wont-alter-the-holocaust-denying-results-for-di-17...
On Tue, Dec 13, 2016 at 12:30 PM, Jonathan Marshall < Jonathan.Marshall@uts.edu.au> wrote:
On the 'fake news' issue I'd like to suggest a book I am co-author of, is relevant
Disorder and the Disinformation Society: The Social Dynamics of Information, Networks and Software
It basically argues that dis and mis information is absolutely and inevitably normal in information society and is generated by patterns of communication, sense making, power and commerce.
Disorder of information is produced by the social factors which organize information.
The first half of the book expounds the theory, and the second half is largely studies of particular aspects of information such as software, finance, intellectual copyright, academia and activism.
The book is absurdly expensive which is a function of the factors it describes, but you can get a good read of the opening section on Amazon.
You can also find some blog entries based on some of the approach of the book at
Trump and the Magic of Information https://cmandchaos.wordpress.com/2016/11/12/trump-and-the- magic-of-information/
Information mess again https://cmandchaos.wordpress.com/2016/12/11/information-mess-again/
jon
UTS CRICOS Provider Code: 00099F DISCLAIMER: This email message and any accompanying attachments may contain confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient, do not read, use, disseminate, distribute or copy this message or attachments. If you have received this message in error, please notify the sender immediately and delete this message. Any views expressed in this message are those of the individual sender, except where the sender expressly, and with authority, states them to be the views of the University of Technology Sydney. Before opening any attachments, please check them for viruses and defects. Think. Green. Do.
Please consider the environment before printing this email. _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
-- The University of Edinburgh is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, with registration number SC005336.
_______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
Nathaniel Poor, Ph.D. https://github.com/natpoor http://natpoor.blogspot.com/ https://sites.google.com/site/natpoor/ http://www.underwood-institute.org/
_______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
-- Josh Braun, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Journalism Studies Journalism Department University of Massachusetts Amherst @josh_braun Skype: wideaperture http://wideaperture.net/ new book: http://yalebooks.com/book/9780300197501/program-brought-you "Maybe the only gift is a chance to inquire, to know nothing for certain. An inheritance of wonder and nothing more." William Least Heat-Moon
Hello all,Yes, interesting thread! Thanks to all those contributing.I admit that I haven't yet worked through all of the posts, but will do so inthe next couple of days. For now, forgive me for self-promoting. I have beenworking on the intersection of cultural crises (globalizing) in truth and itsothers (both as accepted empirical facts as well as deliberate deception orfalsehood/lies), and offshoots such as rumors, hoaxes, and conspiracies goingviral in politics (electoral as well as social movements) for over ten yearsnow. Fake news is of course not new. It's interesting that originally the DailyShow presented itself as fake news. Many hoaxes using new accessible photoediting technology from about 2003 onward resulted in various political actors(both resource rich/professionals in parties, political consultants, as well asnewly empowered and inspired citizens) launching difficult-to-verify,sometimes deliberately ambigous or polysemic claims (what I call rumor bombs).These were sometimes dubbed hoaxes (such as the photoshopofpresidential candidate John Kerry seated next to "Hanoi" Jane Fondaat a war protest, which made its way into the pages of the NY Times. The NYTalso published a hoax op-ed by Brigitte Bardot around the same time. Fake newswas associated in 2003 with "fake reporters" that the Bush administrationused, planted in press conferences to throw softball questions (look up JeffGannon). Some called the Iraq war cheerleader Karen Ryan a fake reporter, too.Note that in January 2004 Naomi Klein, reflecting on the past year, wrote afeature in the Nation with the title "Year of the Fake." Somethingwas happening and many of us have some amnesia about the historical trajectory. I also recommend, from a critical cultural communicationstudies angle, Jack Bratich’s work on conspiracy panics and his more recentwork on genetically modified grassroots movement (i.e. fake or astroturf groupsand social movements). This is all part of what I have called, academicizingmore popular discourse about post-truth society, regimes of post-truth, via areworking of Foucault’s famous concept. If you’re interested in my work on the subject, it is easilyaccessible on my academia.edu page. Now back to the book I’m writing on thesubject. Thanks again for the thread.Jayson HarsinAssociate ProfessorGlobal CommunicationsThe American University of Paris From: Joshua Braun <jabraun@journ.umass.edu> To: air-l@listserv.aoir.org Sent: Thursday, December 22, 2016 4:58 AM Subject: Re: [Air-L] Fake News A belated reply! I'd also check out the Tow Center's report by Craig Silverman, who did a sizeable mixed-methods study in 2015 on how fake news, rumors, and misinformation spread online: http://towcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/LiesDamnLies_Silverman_TowCe... I'm not sure why I didn't think about this before. I'm was three quarters of the way through grading a stack of reading responses to this report for my media technologies class when it slowly emerged from my subconscious that this would've been highly relevant to the conversation. All the Best, Josh On 12/17/2016 09:22 AM, Christopher J. Richter wrote:
Good thread.
Just thinking aloud (atext?), especially but not exclusively about earlier posts on social construction/relativism/"truth". I have just skimmed, so at the risk of restating, or stating the obvious. . .
Keeping in mind an analytical/methodological typology derived from old school media studies 101 could be useful for clarity on the topic, i.e. moments of: production/producer; the text itself; audience/consumption/use; plus the medium.
Thus for producer/production: intent to deceive, intent to persuade, intent to make money, intent to inform, plus political-economic processes and contexts (who gets to create the texts?), etc.
For text: verifiability, ambiguity, visual, aural, textual characteristics, context of other texts, etc.
Audience: belief (as distinct from truth), other reactions/effects, cultural/social characteristics and context of audience members etc.
Medium: immediacy, access, constraints and enablements of different platforms, etc. As a category this one might be collapsable variously into text and production, but there are arguments for keeping it distinct, too.
In reality the relation between all these is dynamic, but could be a useful set of analytical distinctions.
Chris Richter Hollins University
On Dec 15, 2016, at 2:51 PM, Nathaniel Poor <natpoor@gmail.com> wrote:
I saw Tim Wu present about his new book, “The Attention Merchants”, last night and although the recent US election is not in the book he did discuss attention, fake news, and the election, so I’d bet the book has some nice gems.
On Dec 15, 2016, at 1:49 PM, JEWELL Matthew <M.Jewell@ed.ac.uk> wrote:
Dear all,
A video which surfaced a few hours ago, relevant to this very interesting thread: https://www.reddit.com/r/videos/comments/5ihyvu/reddit_for_sale_how_we_bough...
Matt
-- Matthew Jewell PhD candidate School of Law University of Edinburgh http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/research/students/viewstudent?ref=330 https://twitter.com/matthew_jewell
On 14/12/2016, 13:37, "Air-L on behalf of Fabio Giglietto" <air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org on behalf of fabio.giglietto@uniurb.it> wrote:
Wow, this is indeed a great discussion, so inspiring!
During the panel on misinformation organized at #AoIR16 we presented a first attempt to systematize the literature on the topic (not an easy task because it's broad, interdisciplinary and sometimes contradictory). The results of this effort are now available in a working paper that we made public a couple of weeks ago in the attempt to collect feedback and further stimulate an informed debate.
=== Fakes, News and the Election: A New Taxonomy for the Study of Misleading Information within the Hybrid Media System
Abstract: The widely unexpected outcome of the 2016 US Presidential election prompted a broad debate on the role played by “fake-news” circulating on social media during political campaigns. Despite a relatively vast amount of existing literature on the topic, a general lack of conceptual coherence and a rapidly changing news eco-system hinder the development of effective strategies to tackle the issue. Leveraging on four strands of research in the existing scholarship, the paper introduces a radically new model aimed at describing the process through which misleading information spreads within the hybrid media system in the post-truth era. The application of the model results in four different typologies of propagations. These typologies are used to describe real cases of misleading information from the 2016 US Presidential election. The paper discusses the contribution and implication of the model in tackling the issue of misleading information on a theoretical, empirical, and practical level.
Keywords: misinformation, disinformation, hybrid news system, news-making, elections
Giglietto, Fabio and Iannelli, Laura and Rossi, Luca and Valeriani, Augusto, Fakes, News and the Election: A New Taxonomy for the Study of Misleading Information within the Hybrid Media System (November 30, 2016). Convegno AssoComPol 2016 (Urbino, 15-17 Dicembre 2016), Forthcoming. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2878774 ===
While we invested in this work an incredible amount of time and effort, we are fully aware of the enormity of the issue at stake and that we only scratched the surface of it. We are also aware that the implications goes well beyond the US elections (see https://www.buzzfeed.com/albertonardelli/italys-most-popular-political-party... ).
We are really looking forward to hear your feedback on our work.
Best regards, Fabio Giglietto (on behalf of co-authors Laura Iannelli, Luca Rossi and Augusto Valeriani)
On Wed, Dec 14, 2016 at 9:31 AM Johan Dam Farkas <jjfs@itu.dk> wrote:
Highly interesting thread. I have an upcoming article on cloaked Facebook pages, which discusses fake sources on social media and the epistemological difficulties of analysing such content.
For related literature to the fake news discussion, I would suggest Jessie Daniels' work on cloaked websites (2009, 2014). She draws on Becker (1949) and his typology of disguised propaganda, which is also highly relevant in this context.
Furthermore, I would recommend the books of Andrejevic (2013), Hendricks and Hansen (2014), Berry and Sobieraj (2014), and Floridi (2011) for different perspectives on the topic.
References:
* Andrejevic, M (2013) Infoglut: How too much information is changing the way wethink and know. London, New York: Routledge. * Becker, H. (1949). The Nature and Consequences of Black Propaganda. American Sociological Association, 14(2), 221–235. * Berry, J. M. & Sobieraj, S. (2014) The Outrage Industry: Political Opinion Media and the New Incivility. Oxford: Oxford University Press * Daniels, J. (2009a). Cloaked websites: propaganda, cyber-racism and epistemology in the digital era. New Media & Society, 11(5), 659–683. http://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809105345 * Daniels, J. (2014). From Crisis Pregnancy Centers to Teenbreaks.com: Anti-abortion Activism’s Use of Cloaked Websites. In M. McCaughey (Ed.) Cyberactivism on the Participatory Web. London: Routledge. * Floridi, L. (2011) The Philosophy of Information. Oxford: Oxford University Press. * Hendricks, V., & Hansen, P. G. (2014). How to Take Information Punches and Save Democracy. New York: Springer.
Johan Farkas IT University of Copenhagen Mail: jjfs@itu.dk Phone: +4561346209 <+45%2061%2034%2062%2009> Twitter: @jdfarkas
--- Latest article --- Schou, J. and Farkas, J. (2016). Algorithms, Interfaces, and the Circulation of Information: Interrogating the Epistemological Challenges of Facebook. KOME - An International Journal of Pure Communication Inquiry 4(1): 36-49. ________________________________ Fra: Air-L <air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org> på vegne af Yosem Companys < ycompanys@gmail.com> Sendt: 13. december 2016 22:38:38 Til: Jonathan Marshall Cc: AIR Emne: Re: [Air-L] Fake News
More on fake news:
Google Won't Alter the Holocaust-Denying Results For ‘Did the Holocaust Happen’
http://gizmodo.com/google-wont-alter-the-holocaust-denying-results-for-di-17...
On Tue, Dec 13, 2016 at 12:30 PM, Jonathan Marshall < Jonathan.Marshall@uts.edu.au> wrote:
On the 'fake news' issue I'd like to suggest a book I am co-author of, is relevant
Disorder and the Disinformation Society: The Social Dynamics of Information, Networks and Software
It basically argues that dis and mis information is absolutely and inevitably normal in information society and is generated by patterns of communication, sense making, power and commerce.
Disorder of information is produced by the social factors which organize information.
The first half of the book expounds the theory, and the second half is largely studies of particular aspects of information such as software, finance, intellectual copyright, academia and activism.
The book is absurdly expensive which is a function of the factors it describes, but you can get a good read of the opening section on Amazon.
You can also find some blog entries based on some of the approach of the book at
Trump and the Magic of Information https://cmandchaos.wordpress.com/2016/11/12/trump-and-the- magic-of-information/
Information mess again https://cmandchaos.wordpress.com/2016/12/11/information-mess-again/
jon
UTS CRICOS Provider Code: 00099F DISCLAIMER: This email message and any accompanying attachments may contain confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient, do not read, use, disseminate, distribute or copy this message or attachments. If you have received this message in error, please notify the sender immediately and delete this message. Any views expressed in this message are those of the individual sender, except where the sender expressly, and with authority, states them to be the views of the University of Technology Sydney. Before opening any attachments, please check them for viruses and defects. Think. Green. Do.
Please consider the environment before printing this email. _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/ _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/ _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
-- The University of Edinburgh is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, with registration number SC005336.
_______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
Nathaniel Poor, Ph.D. https://github.com/natpoor http://natpoor.blogspot.com/ https://sites.google.com/site/natpoor/ http://www.underwood-institute.org/
_______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
-- Josh Braun, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Journalism Studies Journalism Department University of Massachusetts Amherst @josh_braun Skype: wideaperture http://wideaperture.net/ new book: http://yalebooks.com/book/9780300197501/program-brought-you "Maybe the only gift is a chance to inquire, to know nothing for certain. An inheritance of wonder and nothing more." William Least Heat-Moon _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
Hello all,Yes, interesting thread! Thanks to all those contributing.I admit that I haven't yet worked through all of the posts, but will do so inthe next couple of days. For now, forgive me for self-promoting. I have beenworking on the intersection of cultural crises (globalizing) in truth and itsothers (both as accepted empirical facts as well as deliberate deception orfalsehood/lies), and offshoots such as rumors, hoaxes, and conspiracies goingviral in politics (electoral as well as social movements) for over ten yearsnow. Fake news is of course not new. It's interesting that originally the DailyShow presented itself as fake news. Many hoaxes using new accessible photoediting technology from about 2003 onward resulted in various political actors(both resource rich/professionals in parties, political consultants, as well asnewly empowered and inspired citizens) launching difficult-to-verify,sometimes deliberately ambigous or polysemic claims (what I call rumor bombs).These were sometimes dubbed hoaxes (such as the photoshopped photo ofpresidential candidate John Kerry seated next to "Hanoi" Jane Fondaat a war protest, which made its way into the pages of the NY Times. The NYTalso published a hoax op-ed by Brigitte Bardot around the same time. Fake newswas associated in 2003 with "fake reporters" that the Bush administrationused, planted in press conferences to throw softball questions (look up JeffGannon). Some called the Iraq war cheerleader Karen Ryan a fake reporter, too.Note that in January 2004 Naomi Klein, reflecting on the past year, wrote afeature in the Nation with the title "Year of the Fake." Somethingwas happening and many of us have some amnesia about the historical trajectory.I also recommend, from a critical cultural communicationstudies angle, Jack Bratich’s work on conspiracy panics and his more recentwork on genetically modified grassroots movement (i.e. fake or astroturf groupsand social movements). This is all part of what I have called, academicizingmore popular discourse about post-truth society, regimes of post-truth, via areworking of Foucault’s famous concept. If you’re interested in my work on the subject, it is easilyaccessible on my academia.edu page. Now back to the book I’m writing on thesubject. Thanks again for the thread.Jayson HarsinAssociate ProfessorGlobal CommunicationsThe American University of Paris From: Joshua Braun <jabraun@journ.umass.edu> To: air-l@listserv.aoir.org Sent: Thursday, December 22, 2016 4:58 AM Subject: Re: [Air-L] Fake News A belated reply! I'd also check out the Tow Center's report by Craig Silverman, who did a sizeable mixed-methods study in 2015 on how fake news, rumors, and misinformation spread online: http://towcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/LiesDamnLies_Silverman_TowCe... I'm not sure why I didn't think about this before. I'm was three quarters of the way through grading a stack of reading responses to this report for my media technologies class when it slowly emerged from my subconscious that this would've been highly relevant to the conversation. All the Best, Josh On 12/17/2016 09:22 AM, Christopher J. Richter wrote:
Good thread.
Just thinking aloud (atext?), especially but not exclusively about earlier posts on social construction/relativism/"truth". I have just skimmed, so at the risk of restating, or stating the obvious. . .
Keeping in mind an analytical/methodological typology derived from old school media studies 101 could be useful for clarity on the topic, i.e. moments of: production/producer; the text itself; audience/consumption/use; plus the medium.
Thus for producer/production: intent to deceive, intent to persuade, intent to make money, intent to inform, plus political-economic processes and contexts (who gets to create the texts?), etc.
For text: verifiability, ambiguity, visual, aural, textual characteristics, context of other texts, etc.
Audience: belief (as distinct from truth), other reactions/effects, cultural/social characteristics and context of audience members etc.
Medium: immediacy, access, constraints and enablements of different platforms, etc. As a category this one might be collapsable variously into text and production, but there are arguments for keeping it distinct, too.
In reality the relation between all these is dynamic, but could be a useful set of analytical distinctions.
Chris Richter Hollins University
On Dec 15, 2016, at 2:51 PM, Nathaniel Poor <natpoor@gmail.com> wrote:
I saw Tim Wu present about his new book, “The Attention Merchants”, last night and although the recent US election is not in the book he did discuss attention, fake news, and the election, so I’d bet the book has some nice gems.
On Dec 15, 2016, at 1:49 PM, JEWELL Matthew <M.Jewell@ed.ac.uk> wrote:
Dear all,
A video which surfaced a few hours ago, relevant to this very interesting thread: https://www.reddit.com/r/videos/comments/5ihyvu/reddit_for_sale_how_we_bough...
Matt
-- Matthew Jewell PhD candidate School of Law University of Edinburgh http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/research/students/viewstudent?ref=330 https://twitter.com/matthew_jewell
On 14/12/2016, 13:37, "Air-L on behalf of Fabio Giglietto" <air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org on behalf of fabio.giglietto@uniurb.it> wrote:
Wow, this is indeed a great discussion, so inspiring!
During the panel on misinformation organized at #AoIR16 we presented a first attempt to systematize the literature on the topic (not an easy task because it's broad, interdisciplinary and sometimes contradictory). The results of this effort are now available in a working paper that we made public a couple of weeks ago in the attempt to collect feedback and further stimulate an informed debate.
=== Fakes, News and the Election: A New Taxonomy for the Study of Misleading Information within the Hybrid Media System
Abstract: The widely unexpected outcome of the 2016 US Presidential election prompted a broad debate on the role played by “fake-news” circulating on social media during political campaigns. Despite a relatively vast amount of existing literature on the topic, a general lack of conceptual coherence and a rapidly changing news eco-system hinder the development of effective strategies to tackle the issue. Leveraging on four strands of research in the existing scholarship, the paper introduces a radically new model aimed at describing the process through which misleading information spreads within the hybrid media system in the post-truth era. The application of the model results in four different typologies of propagations. These typologies are used to describe real cases of misleading information from the 2016 US Presidential election. The paper discusses the contribution and implication of the model in tackling the issue of misleading information on a theoretical, empirical, and practical level.
Keywords: misinformation, disinformation, hybrid news system, news-making, elections
Giglietto, Fabio and Iannelli, Laura and Rossi, Luca and Valeriani, Augusto, Fakes, News and the Election: A New Taxonomy for the Study of Misleading Information within the Hybrid Media System (November 30, 2016). Convegno AssoComPol 2016 (Urbino, 15-17 Dicembre 2016), Forthcoming. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2878774 ===
While we invested in this work an incredible amount of time and effort, we are fully aware of the enormity of the issue at stake and that we only scratched the surface of it. We are also aware that the implications goes well beyond the US elections (see https://www.buzzfeed.com/albertonardelli/italys-most-popular-political-party... ).
We are really looking forward to hear your feedback on our work.
Best regards, Fabio Giglietto (on behalf of co-authors Laura Iannelli, Luca Rossi and Augusto Valeriani)
On Wed, Dec 14, 2016 at 9:31 AM Johan Dam Farkas <jjfs@itu.dk> wrote:
Highly interesting thread. I have an upcoming article on cloaked Facebook pages, which discusses fake sources on social media and the epistemological difficulties of analysing such content.
For related literature to the fake news discussion, I would suggest Jessie Daniels' work on cloaked websites (2009, 2014). She draws on Becker (1949) and his typology of disguised propaganda, which is also highly relevant in this context.
Furthermore, I would recommend the books of Andrejevic (2013), Hendricks and Hansen (2014), Berry and Sobieraj (2014), and Floridi (2011) for different perspectives on the topic.
References:
* Andrejevic, M (2013) Infoglut: How too much information is changing the way wethink and know. London, New York: Routledge. * Becker, H. (1949). The Nature and Consequences of Black Propaganda. American Sociological Association, 14(2), 221–235. * Berry, J. M. & Sobieraj, S. (2014) The Outrage Industry: Political Opinion Media and the New Incivility. Oxford: Oxford University Press * Daniels, J. (2009a). Cloaked websites: propaganda, cyber-racism and epistemology in the digital era. New Media & Society, 11(5), 659–683. http://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809105345 * Daniels, J. (2014). From Crisis Pregnancy Centers to Teenbreaks.com: Anti-abortion Activism’s Use of Cloaked Websites. In M. McCaughey (Ed.) Cyberactivism on the Participatory Web. London: Routledge. * Floridi, L. (2011) The Philosophy of Information. Oxford: Oxford University Press. * Hendricks, V., & Hansen, P. G. (2014). How to Take Information Punches and Save Democracy. New York: Springer.
Johan Farkas IT University of Copenhagen Mail: jjfs@itu.dk Phone: +4561346209 <+45%2061%2034%2062%2009> Twitter: @jdfarkas
--- Latest article --- Schou, J. and Farkas, J. (2016). Algorithms, Interfaces, and the Circulation of Information: Interrogating the Epistemological Challenges of Facebook. KOME - An International Journal of Pure Communication Inquiry 4(1): 36-49. ________________________________ Fra: Air-L <air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org> på vegne af Yosem Companys < ycompanys@gmail.com> Sendt: 13. december 2016 22:38:38 Til: Jonathan Marshall Cc: AIR Emne: Re: [Air-L] Fake News
More on fake news:
Google Won't Alter the Holocaust-Denying Results For ‘Did the Holocaust Happen’
http://gizmodo.com/google-wont-alter-the-holocaust-denying-results-for-di-17...
On Tue, Dec 13, 2016 at 12:30 PM, Jonathan Marshall < Jonathan.Marshall@uts.edu.au> wrote:
On the 'fake news' issue I'd like to suggest a book I am co-author of, is relevant
Disorder and the Disinformation Society: The Social Dynamics of Information, Networks and Software
It basically argues that dis and mis information is absolutely and inevitably normal in information society and is generated by patterns of communication, sense making, power and commerce.
Disorder of information is produced by the social factors which organize information.
The first half of the book expounds the theory, and the second half is largely studies of particular aspects of information such as software, finance, intellectual copyright, academia and activism.
The book is absurdly expensive which is a function of the factors it describes, but you can get a good read of the opening section on Amazon.
You can also find some blog entries based on some of the approach of the book at
Trump and the Magic of Information https://cmandchaos.wordpress.com/2016/11/12/trump-and-the- magic-of-information/
Information mess again https://cmandchaos.wordpress.com/2016/12/11/information-mess-again/
jon
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On 14 Dec 2016, at 09.31, Johan Dam Farkas <jjfs@itu.dk> wrote:
Highly interesting thread.
I have just received the newsletter of the Danish SOS Against Racism association. Within the last week, two major newspapers in Denmark have published “false news.” A front page headline in Politiken proclaimed that the Danish Medical Society supported a law against male circumcision. In fact, the DK Medical Society explicitly stated they were against such a law. “Religious violence against children” was the headline of an editorial statement in Jyllands-posten. This made a series of false claims, in particular that the Danish Somali Society had opposed a law passed earlier against cutting females when, in fact, they were in favor of the law. While “false news” typically refers to obviously false claims easily debunked by looking at mainstream sources, this type of disinformation is mainstream in Denmark. The world's first professor of Sexual Health Epidemiology was appointed in Denmark recently. This individual is promoting sexual disfunction and disease. A Scientific Dishonesty Complaint against him and others can be seen here: http://cosmism.blogspot.dk/2015/01/scientific-dishonesty-complaint-against.h... For years, I could not understand why the findings of UNAIDS, WHO, CDC, etc. were being undermined in Denmark. I have concluded that the medical sexology elite in Denmark sees cultural genocide of Muslims (and Jews) as desirable. Further, the Danish Planned Parenthood Association is being paid by the Government to carry out an educational program incorporating cultural imperialism in Uganda, which is likely to cause deaths due to increasing the spread of HIV there. Repeated statements in the press that "Muslims mutilate babies” appears to be a key propaganda element used to support Danish military interventions in Muslim countries. I was planning to write all this up as a couple of articles at some point, but it has been low priority since it isn’t the mainline in my research. If anyone would like to collaborate on this issue, let me know. dss David Stodolsky, PhD Institute for Social Informatics Tornskadestien 2, st. th., DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark dss@socialinformatics.org Skype/Twitter: davidstodolsky
In the form of an infographic A "decent" breakdown of real vs fake news, seems useful as a lecture starting point http://imgur.com/7xHaUXf On Wed, Dec 14, 2016 at 11:28 PM, David Stodolsky <dss@secureid.net> wrote:
On 14 Dec 2016, at 09.31, Johan Dam Farkas <jjfs@itu.dk> wrote:
Highly interesting thread.
I have just received the newsletter of the Danish SOS Against Racism association. Within the last week, two major newspapers in Denmark have published “false news.” A front page headline in Politiken proclaimed that the Danish Medical Society supported a law against male circumcision. In fact, the DK Medical Society explicitly stated they were against such a law. “Religious violence against children” was the headline of an editorial statement in Jyllands-posten. This made a series of false claims, in particular that the Danish Somali Society had opposed a law passed earlier against cutting females when, in fact, they were in favor of the law.
While “false news” typically refers to obviously false claims easily debunked by looking at mainstream sources, this type of disinformation is mainstream in Denmark. The world's first professor of Sexual Health Epidemiology was appointed in Denmark recently. This individual is promoting sexual disfunction and disease. A Scientific Dishonesty Complaint against him and others can be seen here:
http://cosmism.blogspot.dk/2015/01/scientific-dishonesty- complaint-against.html
For years, I could not understand why the findings of UNAIDS, WHO, CDC, etc. were being undermined in Denmark. I have concluded that the medical sexology elite in Denmark sees cultural genocide of Muslims (and Jews) as desirable. Further, the Danish Planned Parenthood Association is being paid by the Government to carry out an educational program incorporating cultural imperialism in Uganda, which is likely to cause deaths due to increasing the spread of HIV there. Repeated statements in the press that "Muslims mutilate babies” appears to be a key propaganda element used to support Danish military interventions in Muslim countries.
I was planning to write all this up as a couple of articles at some point, but it has been low priority since it isn’t the mainline in my research. If anyone would like to collaborate on this issue, let me know.
dss
David Stodolsky, PhD Institute for Social Informatics Tornskadestien 2, st. th., DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark dss@socialinformatics.org Skype/Twitter: davidstodolsky
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I would LOVE to see a panel or even a preconference workshop on this! ~Jenny -----Original Message----- From: Unsworth,Kristene [mailto:ku26@drexel.edu] Sent: Tuesday, December 13, 2016 12:44 PM To: Jennifer Stromer-Galley <jstromer@syr.edu>; AIR <air-l@aoir.org> Subject: RE: [Air-L] Fake News This has been an amazing exchange of ideas. I'm so pleased to be able to benefit from all your thoughts! I've been thinking about proposing a special journal issue on Fake News and the Post-Truth Society...what do you all think? We could also propose at track at AoIR. Just some thoughts, looking forward to hearing any thoughts on the suggestion. Kris -----Original Message----- From: Air-L [mailto:air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org] On Behalf Of Jennifer Stromer-Galley Sent: Tuesday, December 13, 2016 11:12 AM To: AIR Subject: Re: [Air-L] Fake News Just adding to this discussion a nice podcast that examines this issue from a historical point-of-view. It's Episode 5: http://manythingsconsidered.com/podcast/ I've also written an article in The Conversation about ways that Facebook could help reduce fake news' spread: https://theconversation.com/three-ways-facebook-could-reduce-fake-news-witho... It's an important topic, and I look forward to the excellent studies that will be spurred by this. ~Jenny -----Original Message----- From: Air-L [mailto:air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org] On Behalf Of jon pers Sent: Tuesday, December 13, 2016 9:52 AM To: Emma Duke-Williams <emma.dukewilliams@gmail.com> Cc: AIR <air-l@aoir.org> Subject: Re: [Air-L] Fake News The Copenhagen Center for Information and Bubble Studies (Vincent Hendricks) are surely working on this. http://bubblestudies.ku.dk/ <http://bubblestudies.ku.dk/> For instance: http://sciencenordic.com/facebook-not-about-stimulating-democracy?utm_source... <http://sciencenordic.com/facebook-not-about-stimulating-democracy?utm_source=ScienceNordic.com+Newsletter&utm_campaign=a78a81653e-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_3bb7f89ffc-a78a81653e-239953037> J _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
Hi everyone, I don’t think this has been shared yet, but thought it applies to this conversation: http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/technology/2016/12/introducing_this... In peace, Julia Largent Ph.D. Candidate | School of Media & Communication | 416 Kuhlin Center Instructor | MDIA 3000 | BGSU Bowling Green State University | Bowling Green, OH 43403 @julialargent “Peace is not the absence of conflict, but the ability to cope with it.” On Dec 13, 2016, at 2:45 PM, Jennifer Stromer-Galley <jstromer@syr.edu<mailto:jstromer@syr.edu>> wrote: I would LOVE to see a panel or even a preconference workshop on this! ~Jenny -----Original Message----- From: Unsworth,Kristene [mailto:ku26@drexel.edu] Sent: Tuesday, December 13, 2016 12:44 PM To: Jennifer Stromer-Galley <jstromer@syr.edu<mailto:jstromer@syr.edu>>; AIR <air-l@aoir.org<mailto:air-l@aoir.org>> Subject: RE: [Air-L] Fake News This has been an amazing exchange of ideas. I'm so pleased to be able to benefit from all your thoughts! I've been thinking about proposing a special journal issue on Fake News and the Post-Truth Society...what do you all think? We could also propose at track at AoIR. Just some thoughts, looking forward to hearing any thoughts on the suggestion. Kris -----Original Message----- From: Air-L [mailto:air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org] On Behalf Of Jennifer Stromer-Galley Sent: Tuesday, December 13, 2016 11:12 AM To: AIR Subject: Re: [Air-L] Fake News Just adding to this discussion a nice podcast that examines this issue from a historical point-of-view. It's Episode 5: http://manythingsconsidered.com/podcast/ I've also written an article in The Conversation about ways that Facebook could help reduce fake news' spread: https://theconversation.com/three-ways-facebook-could-reduce-fake-news-witho... It's an important topic, and I look forward to the excellent studies that will be spurred by this. ~Jenny -----Original Message----- From: Air-L [mailto:air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org] On Behalf Of jon pers Sent: Tuesday, December 13, 2016 9:52 AM To: Emma Duke-Williams <emma.dukewilliams@gmail.com<mailto:emma.dukewilliams@gmail.com>> Cc: AIR <air-l@aoir.org<mailto:air-l@aoir.org>> Subject: Re: [Air-L] Fake News The Copenhagen Center for Information and Bubble Studies (Vincent Hendricks) are surely working on this. http://bubblestudies.ku.dk/ <http://bubblestudies.ku.dk/> For instance: http://sciencenordic.com/facebook-not-about-stimulating-democracy?utm_source... <http://sciencenordic.com/facebook-not-about-stimulating-democracy?utm_source=ScienceNordic.com+Newsletter&utm_campaign=a78a81653e-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_3bb7f89ffc-a78a81653e-239953037> J _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org<mailto:Air-L@listserv.aoir.org> mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/ _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org Join the Association of Internet Researchers: http://www.aoir.org/
Second that motion. :) On Tue, Dec 13, 2016 at 11:45 AM, Jennifer Stromer-Galley <jstromer@syr.edu> wrote:
I would LOVE to see a panel or even a preconference workshop on this!
~Jenny
-----Original Message----- From: Unsworth,Kristene [mailto:ku26@drexel.edu] Sent: Tuesday, December 13, 2016 12:44 PM To: Jennifer Stromer-Galley <jstromer@syr.edu>; AIR <air-l@aoir.org> Subject: RE: [Air-L] Fake News
This has been an amazing exchange of ideas. I'm so pleased to be able to benefit from all your thoughts! I've been thinking about proposing a special journal issue on Fake News and the Post-Truth Society...what do you all think? We could also propose at track at AoIR.
Just some thoughts, looking forward to hearing any thoughts on the suggestion.
Kris
-----Original Message----- From: Air-L [mailto:air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org] On Behalf Of Jennifer Stromer-Galley Sent: Tuesday, December 13, 2016 11:12 AM To: AIR Subject: Re: [Air-L] Fake News
Just adding to this discussion a nice podcast that examines this issue from a historical point-of-view. It's Episode 5: http://manythingsconsidered.com/podcast/
I've also written an article in The Conversation about ways that Facebook could help reduce fake news' spread: https://theconversation.com/ three-ways-facebook-could-reduce-fake-news-without- resorting-to-censorship-69033
It's an important topic, and I look forward to the excellent studies that will be spurred by this.
~Jenny
-----Original Message----- From: Air-L [mailto:air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org] On Behalf Of jon pers Sent: Tuesday, December 13, 2016 9:52 AM To: Emma Duke-Williams <emma.dukewilliams@gmail.com> Cc: AIR <air-l@aoir.org> Subject: Re: [Air-L] Fake News
The Copenhagen Center for Information and Bubble Studies (Vincent Hendricks) are surely working on this.
http://bubblestudies.ku.dk/ <http://bubblestudies.ku.dk/>
For instance: http://sciencenordic.com/facebook-not-about-stimulating-democracy?utm_ source=ScienceNordic.com+Newsletter&utm_campaign= a78a81653e-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_ 3bb7f89ffc-a78a81653e-239953037 <http://sciencenordic.com/ facebook-not-about-stimulating-democracy?utm_source=ScienceNordic.com+ Newsletter&utm_campaign=a78a81653e-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN& utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_3bb7f89ffc-a78a81653e-239953037>
J
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For those who are interested in this topic, the National Association for Media Literacy Education is still accepting proposals for its conference in Chicago in June of 2017. Here is the link: https://namle.net/conference/2017-conference/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- *Julia R. DeCook* Doctoral Student and Graduate Research Assistant Information & Media Studies Student Representative Department of Media and Information College of Communication Arts and Sciences Michigan State University jdecook@msu.edu <http://jdecook@msu.edu/julia.decook@gmail.com> julia.decook@gmail.com <http://jdecook@msu.edu/julia.decook@gmail.com> On Tue, Dec 13, 2016 at 3:25 PM, Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
Second that motion. :)
On Tue, Dec 13, 2016 at 11:45 AM, Jennifer Stromer-Galley < jstromer@syr.edu> wrote:
I would LOVE to see a panel or even a preconference workshop on this!
~Jenny
-----Original Message----- From: Unsworth,Kristene [mailto:ku26@drexel.edu] Sent: Tuesday, December 13, 2016 12:44 PM To: Jennifer Stromer-Galley <jstromer@syr.edu>; AIR <air-l@aoir.org> Subject: RE: [Air-L] Fake News
This has been an amazing exchange of ideas. I'm so pleased to be able to benefit from all your thoughts! I've been thinking about proposing a special journal issue on Fake News and the Post-Truth Society...what do you all think? We could also propose at track at AoIR.
Just some thoughts, looking forward to hearing any thoughts on the suggestion.
Kris
-----Original Message----- From: Air-L [mailto:air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org] On Behalf Of Jennifer Stromer-Galley Sent: Tuesday, December 13, 2016 11:12 AM To: AIR Subject: Re: [Air-L] Fake News
Just adding to this discussion a nice podcast that examines this issue from a historical point-of-view. It's Episode 5: http://manythingsconsidered.com/podcast/
I've also written an article in The Conversation about ways that Facebook could help reduce fake news' spread: https://theconversation.com/ three-ways-facebook-could-reduce-fake-news-without- resorting-to-censorship-69033
It's an important topic, and I look forward to the excellent studies that will be spurred by this.
~Jenny
-----Original Message----- From: Air-L [mailto:air-l-bounces@listserv.aoir.org] On Behalf Of jon pers Sent: Tuesday, December 13, 2016 9:52 AM To: Emma Duke-Williams <emma.dukewilliams@gmail.com> Cc: AIR <air-l@aoir.org> Subject: Re: [Air-L] Fake News
The Copenhagen Center for Information and Bubble Studies (Vincent Hendricks) are surely working on this.
http://bubblestudies.ku.dk/ <http://bubblestudies.ku.dk/>
For instance: http://sciencenordic.com/facebook-not-about-stimulating-democracy?utm_ source=ScienceNordic.com+Newsletter&utm_campaign= a78a81653e-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_ 3bb7f89ffc-a78a81653e-239953037 <http://sciencenordic.com/ facebook-not-about-stimulating-democracy?utm_source=ScienceNordic.com+ Newsletter&utm_campaign=a78a81653e-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN& utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_3bb7f89ffc-a78a81653e-239953037>
J
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One final set of thoughts on the topic of false and misleading news - it is important to remember that even the marque brands in journalism all-too-often run stories without the most cursory of verification: http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/15/what-santa-and-the-dying... And that academia itself has a huge and growing problem with verification and "truth" courtesy of a growing trend to cite without reading and the expanding issue of predatory publishers: http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/16/how-academia-google-scho... And that as a whole the fact checkers themselves are less than transparent about their inner workings, with one (Snopes) refusing even to provide even the most basic of insight into its screening and reliability processes: http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/22/the-daily-mail-snopes-st... There is also the question about the right to expression online - once Facebook begins flagging news as false, it will have a database of who is consuming and attempting to share that content. Could it flag such users as "gullible" and sell them as a special category to advertisers, or perhaps even ban them entirely from its platform?: http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/17/should-we-fight-fake-new... There is also the issue of how to handle controversial topics like police shootings - what does one do in a case like Laquan McDonald, in which the official police report concluded something very different from what witnesses observed? Would Facebook flag or even block all of the conversation about the shooting that differed from what police claimed? http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/23/what-happens-when-fake-n... Putting this all together, it does raise the critical question of whether it really is the right approach to declare a small group of elites to act as the ultimate arbitrators of "truth" for 1.7 billion people around the world: http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/24/facebooks-fake-news-dete... Kalev http://kalevleetaru.com/ http://blog.gdeltproject.org/ On Mon, Dec 12, 2016 at 8:28 AM, kalev leetaru <kalev.leetaru5@gmail.com> wrote:
The concept of "fake news" is very complex, ranging from satirical to misleading to malicious content and, when looking globally, covers not just social media, but SMS and FTF communication. Much like humor, where one person's hilarious joke might be deeply offensive to another, a good portion of "fake news" revolves around how societies and peoples with different backgrounds interpret and construct meaning from a shared set of information. Paul Linebarger's 1948 book "Psychological Warfare" is a powerful read into the roots and methodology of inorganic constructionism of the kind that underlies much of the hundred shades of gray that we today frequently label as "fake news." This is also why purely technological solutions will always struggle with this complex middle ground that constitutes a large portion of "fake news." Instead, "information literacy" coupled with technological assistance offer perhaps the most robust path forward.
You can see more in my latest pieces:
http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/11/30/why- stopping-fake-news-is-so-hard/ http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/10/the- inverted-pyramid-and-how-fake-news-weaponized-modern- journalistic-practice/ http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/11/the- global-perspective-on-fake-news/ http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/11/how- data-and-information-literacy-could-end-fake-news/
Kalev http:/kalevleetaru.com/ http://blog.gdeltproject.org/
On Friday, December 9, 2016, Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media) news influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
Thanks, Yosem _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org <javascript:;> mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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Hello Kalev, Not a small group but a large community. An example is this "news community" (http://rotter.net/forum/listforum.php) in hebrew, where news are discussed in a forum, and fake or biased news are detected thru group discussion. This project is cited here <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254074310_Online_News_Exposure_and_Trust_in_the_Mainstream_Media_Exploring_Possible_Associations> . Best regards, Yohanan Ouaknine PhD candidate Bar Ilan University, Israel On Sat, Dec 24, 2016 at 5:17 PM, kalev leetaru <kalev.leetaru5@gmail.com> wrote:
One final set of thoughts on the topic of false and misleading news - it is important to remember that even the marque brands in journalism all-too-often run stories without the most cursory of verification:
http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/15/what- santa-and-the-dying-child-story-teaches-us-about-fake- news-data-and-verification/
And that academia itself has a huge and growing problem with verification and "truth" courtesy of a growing trend to cite without reading and the expanding issue of predatory publishers:
http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/16/how- academia-google-scholar-and-predatory-publishers-help- feed-academic-fake-news/
And that as a whole the fact checkers themselves are less than transparent about their inner workings, with one (Snopes) refusing even to provide even the most basic of insight into its screening and reliability processes:
http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/22/the- daily-mail-snopes-story-and-fact-checking-the-fact-checkers/
There is also the question about the right to expression online - once Facebook begins flagging news as false, it will have a database of who is consuming and attempting to share that content. Could it flag such users as "gullible" and sell them as a special category to advertisers, or perhaps even ban them entirely from its platform?:
http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/17/ should-we-fight-fake-news-by-banning-gullible-people-from-the-internet/
There is also the issue of how to handle controversial topics like police shootings - what does one do in a case like Laquan McDonald, in which the official police report concluded something very different from what witnesses observed? Would Facebook flag or even block all of the conversation about the shooting that differed from what police claimed?
http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/23/what- happens-when-fake-news-is-real-news/
Putting this all together, it does raise the critical question of whether it really is the right approach to declare a small group of elites to act as the ultimate arbitrators of "truth" for 1.7 billion people around the world:
http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/24/ facebooks-fake-news-detector-and-the-myth-of-technology-as-savior/
Kalev http://kalevleetaru.com/ http://blog.gdeltproject.org/
On Mon, Dec 12, 2016 at 8:28 AM, kalev leetaru <kalev.leetaru5@gmail.com> wrote:
The concept of "fake news" is very complex, ranging from satirical to misleading to malicious content and, when looking globally, covers not just social media, but SMS and FTF communication. Much like humor, where one person's hilarious joke might be deeply offensive to another, a good portion of "fake news" revolves around how societies and peoples with different backgrounds interpret and construct meaning from a shared set of information. Paul Linebarger's 1948 book "Psychological Warfare" is a powerful read into the roots and methodology of inorganic constructionism of the kind that underlies much of the hundred shades of gray that we today frequently label as "fake news." This is also why purely technological solutions will always struggle with this complex middle ground that constitutes a large portion of "fake news." Instead, "information literacy" coupled with technological assistance offer perhaps the most robust path forward.
You can see more in my latest pieces:
http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/11/30/why- stopping-fake-news-is-so-hard/ http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/10/the- inverted-pyramid-and-how-fake-news-weaponized-modern- journalistic-practice/ http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/11/the- global-perspective-on-fake-news/ http://www.forbes.com/sites/kalevleetaru/2016/12/11/how- data-and-information-literacy-could-end-fake-news/
Kalev http:/kalevleetaru.com/ http://blog.gdeltproject.org/
On Friday, December 9, 2016, Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media) news influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
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On 24 Dec 2016, at 16:17, kalev leetaru <kalev.leetaru5@gmail.com> wrote:
One final set of thoughts on the topic of false and misleading news - it is important to remember that even the marque brands in journalism all-too-often run stories without the most cursory of verification:
Also a problem in science: Fake Medical Journals Are Spreading, And They Are Filled With Bad Science http://www.forbes.com/sites/stevensalzberg/2017/01/03/fake-medical-journals-... It's not just politics: 2016 was an epidemic year for fake news in science, too http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-hiltzik-fake-science-news-2017... dss David Stodolsky, PhD Institute for Social Informatics Tornskadestien 2, st. th., DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark dss@socialinformatics.org Skype/Twitter: davidstodolsky
This might help: How Social Media Splits the Global Conversation <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/weekend-roundup-147_us_584ad413e4b0e05aded38429?section=us_world> -Anna On Thu, Dec 8, 2016 at 11:51 PM, Yosem Companys <companys@stanford.edu> wrote:
Anyone know of any academic studies showing that fake (social media) news influenced the 2016 presidential election outcome?
Thanks, Yosem _______________________________________________ The Air-L@listserv.aoir.org mailing list is provided by the Association of Internet Researchers http://aoir.org Subscribe, change options or unsubscribe at: http://listserv.aoir.org/ listinfo.cgi/air-l-aoir.org
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