March 2021 - Air-L - lists.aoir.org

Polymedia
by Traci Belanger 11 Jul '25

11 Jul '25

Hi everyone, does anyone have suggestions for articles on "polymedia" or specifically how polymedia interacts with media ecology? Thanks so much! Traci Belanger --- May all winds at your back inspire you, and may you have harmony and peace today.

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For my US colleagues: an 8 minute survey, where your input might make a difference
by Patricia Aufderheide 08 May '25

08 May '25

I know, exactly what you don't need to do at this crazy point in the semester. At AU, Profs. Aram Sinnreich, Joseph Graf and I have been working with Electronic Frontier Foundation and New Media Rights to design a survey about DMCA exemption language and its accessibility. Would you be interested in taking, sharing with your students and networks, including putting on social media the survey link <http://bit.ly/2nEfY8j>? Here it is again: *http://bit.ly/2nEfY8j <http://bit.ly/2nEfY8j>* Your generosity much appreciated! 👏 -- Patricia Aufderheide, University Professor, School of Communication Founder, Center for Media & -- Patricia Aufderheide, University Professor, School of Communication Founder, Center for Media & Social Impact American University 4400 Massachusetts Av., NW American University, Washington, DC 20016-8017 McKinley Hall 323 @paufder @cmsimpact cmsimpact.org paufder(a)american.edu 202-885-2069 office <202-643-5356> 240-643-4805 mobile <202-643-5356> "The world we have received also belongs to those who follow us." --Pope Francis

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Non-software uses of GitHub
by Jim Herbsleb 16 Apr '25

16 Apr '25

I’m looking for GitHub repositories that are used for things other than software, especially where users are actively collaborating rather than just putting together static collections. So far, we have found a few books being written, some musical transcriptions being error-checked, and some policy documents maintained online. Does anyone know of any examples of these or other categories? Any pointers much appreciated. Happy to share what we find with anyone interested. Jim ---- Jim Herbsleb Carnegie Mellon University http://herbsleb.org/ Google Scholar profile: https://goo.gl/sv3p7l

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Funded PhDs on Social Research in "Just" (as in justice) Technology with ESC at the University of Michigan
by Christian Sandvig 05 Nov '21

05 Nov '21

Dear AoIR colleagues, I decided to go to grad school when one of my profs suggested it. I was not very clear about what a PhD was. That conversation changed my life. I'm writing to ask you to consider having this conversation with your promising students right now. It's that time of year. It's a little personally embarrassing, but in order to improve our outreach to prospective students I've been experimenting with video. My video is a little bit like a late-night TV ad for a used-car lot, except I'm advertising getting a PhD in Information OR Communication & Media with my lab group. Here it is: https://lab.csandvig.people.si.umich.edu/join/ Some additional details: Infra.Lab is a multi-disciplinary research group at the University of Michigan dedicated to “just” technology (as in justice) at the ESC Center. We investigate the intermingled social and technical aspects of computing and digital media technologies and their implications for society. Our approaches include human-computer interaction; science and technology studies; policy research on politics, laws, and institutions; design; software development; artistic practice; and more. Our recent work has focused on racial and gender discrimination by algorithmic systems, negative consequences of targeted advertising, inequality and social media use, and the future of technology policy. We are recruiting prospective Ph.D. students with interests in tech and human rights, civil rights, social justice, racial justice, and inequality. We are building a diverse, equitable, and inclusive community. We particularly want applications from people who are interested in addressing the perspectives or needs of groups that have been historically underserved by academic research, computing, and digital media. - The deadline is usually December 1 every year. - The GRE exam isn’t required. - If the application fee (US$70-90) is a barrier to your application, we will waive the fee. Write to the relevant graduate program’s email address (see link above) for help with this. - The Ph.D. is full-time. Part-time degrees are not possible. - The Ph.D. takes about 4 years to complete. Usually the first 2 years involve mostly coursework, the last 2 years involve mostly research. - You do not have to pay tuition to get a Ph.D. Successful applicants are paid for 4 years as apprentice teachers and/or researchers. During this time you will make about US$45,000 per year for about 8 months of work each year. Summer funding is also possible. You also receive health, life, and dental insurance. - You don’t need a master’s degree to apply, but it may help you stand out from other applicants. - You DO need a bachelor’s degree to apply, but it does not have to be in these particular fields. You can apply with any bachelor’s degree if you make the case that you have some relevant background or experience. - We offer additional funding and incentives to those students whose admission will reduce disparities in graduate education. You do not need to apply separately for this funding, you will automatically be considered. - You do not need to be a US Citizen to be admitted, or to receive the funding described here. International students are common. - Either qualitative or quantitative skills/interests are relevant to us. - You do not need to be a computer programmer. - You do not need to have gone to a fancy school for your undergraduate degree. There is more information at the URL above. Please feel free to forward this email. Sincerely, Christian -- Christian Sandvig Director, Center for Ethics, Society, and Computing (ESC) H. Marshall McLuhan Collegiate Professor Information, Communication & Media University of Michigan http://esc.umich.edu/ -- http://umich.edu/~csandvig/

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Instagram Posts and Discussion Data Gathering Tool
by DeNel Rehberg Sedo 29 May '21

29 May '21

Hello all, can you recommend a data collection tool that is more dynamic than rss.app? One of my graduate students wants to capture images, videos, and discussions on two separate accounts during the fall election season. I would very much appreciate any advice you can give, DeNel DeNel Rehberg Sedo, PhD (she/her) Professor Department of Communication Studies Mount Saint Vincent University McCain Centre 306C, Box M64, 166 Bedford Hwy Halifax, NS B3M 2J6 Canada dr_rehberg_sedo on Twitter denelrehbergsedo.info

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CFP: Information Overload? Music Studies in the Age of Abundance (8-10 Sept 2021)
by Christopher Haworth 07 May '21

07 May '21

Information Overload? Music Studies in the Age of Abundance 8-10 September 2021, University of Birmingham Keynote Speakers: Robin James (University of North Carolina at Charlotte) Nick Seaver (Tufts University) More speakers TBA For those investigating any musical activity after about 1994, the main sources of research data will not be print archives or discrete media—they will be World Wide Web media. The Internet Archive, the web’s library, today holds over 525 billion archived web pages, while API and post-API archiving initiatives make social web platforms accessible as research databases. At first glance, no other archive is more inclusive in terms of whose voices it represents, and none more comprehensive in terms of the insights it provides into the thoughts, desires and musical tastes of ordinary people. To paraphrase the web historian Ian Milligan, whose recent book provides the title and framing for this conference, we might suggest that in its scale, granularity and plurality, the web represents the music historian’s dream. Yet there is good cause to be sceptical of claims to a more ‘democratic’ archive in an age of surveillance capitalism. Contrary to early hopes that the internet would bring about greater egalitarianism, Shoshana Zuboff argues that the political economy of contemporary digital communications is characterised by ‘radical indifference’ in the service of maximising data flows. The harms that algorithms perpetuate through biased and incomplete training data suggest that visibility within the archive remains strongly patterned according to race, gender, prosperity, ability and geography. Intersecting with these concerns is a question of how the superficial ‘abundance’ of stories to be told about music in the last twenty-five years impacts on questions of historical theory. Is it possible that a surfeit of available paths through the data compensates for a lack of meaningful historicity over the same period? With this conference we seek to gather researchers who are interested in the epistemological, methodological, ethical, and disciplinary problems that arise when studying music in the age of abundance. The below questions are intended to be indicative rather than exhaustive: What skills and literacies are required to treat web media as primary sources? Does treating web media as music literature prompt a further call for musicology to reflect on its disciplinary and medial borders? How might music historians and other researchers work with one another towards the curation of shared datasets, mutually agreed best practices, and a culture of collaboration? What are the barriers to these ways of working in music studies? What ethical and epistemological questions are raised when ordinary (and often anonymous) people and everyday activities take centre stage in the writing of music history? How should music researchers navigate a ‘post-Cambridge Analytica’ world in which platform APIs are increasingly restrictive in terms of what data they make available? Is it necessary to work within the ‘Realpolitik’ of social media data access, or should scholars consider the active breach of platform rules in the public interest? Does the World Wide Web necessitate new thinking around matters of history and historiography? How helpful are recent attempts to periodise the last 30+ years in cultural-political terms (‘the long 1990s’, ‘the contemporary’, etc)? Do generational politics inflect our understanding of recent music history in new ways, or our perspectives on history as music researchers? Paper titles and abstracts of no more than 250 words, together with a 100-word bio, should be sent to muscon2021(a)contacts.bham.ac.uk by Friday 7th May 2021. Notification of acceptance will be sent via email by Monday 7th June. Full preparations are being made for an in-person conference, however online participation via Zoom will also be possible. Organising committee: Christopher Haworth Danielle Sofer Edward Spencer This conference is funded by the UKRI AHRC Early Career Leadership Fellowship, Music and the Internet: Towards a Digital Sociology of Music. Further updates will be posted to the conference website: https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/schools/lcahm/departments/music/events/2021/in…

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CFP: Surveillance Stories: Imagining Surveillance Futures (Surveillance & Society)
by Bryce Newell 07 Apr '21

07 Apr '21

Dear Colleagues, We are very excited to announce a call for contributions to a joint Dialogue Section-Art Forum of Surveillance & Society we are calling "Surveillance Stories: Imagining Surveillance Futures." Storytelling has the ability to capture the imagination and to attract a wide audience. Stories can also generate important meanings, engage metaphors, and explore new possibilities in ways that conventional academic papers often cannot, or at least typically do not. Therefore, for this special project, we invite contributions that creatively engage with the possibilities of the surveillant future. Submissions should inform how we ought to think about surveillance, regulate surveillance, or study surveillance to achieve/avoid the futures depicted in the stories. These pieces can take the form of a short narrative piece (~800 to 2000-words, if text-based; ~2-5 minutes if time-based media), including speculative stories. They can also involve artistic interventions that explore and visualize this topic. Contributions can be fictional, quasi-fictional, or nonfiction stories (presented in a narrative fashion) that draw on surveillance studies research and theory to imagine what possible surveillance futures might look like. Our interest here is to encourage stories that imagine utopian as well as dystopian futures, and that utilize creative text, images, video, and other forms of artistic expression (the range of media for artworks that can be presented is subject to the technological limitations of the journal's platform, but can include video and limited photography or images-please get in touch if you have questions about what might be possible). For selected pieces, we will also request that authors include a closing paragraph or two at the end of each piece that specifically links the elements of the story to existing surveillance studies research (including research previously published in Surveillance & Society or elsewhere, or that builds on the authors' own fieldwork or other research). (Media not based in text should also include a transcript of dialogue, basic description of the visuals, etc.) Along with the narration of surveillant futures as a mode of creative address, our goal with this special project is to make space for explorations that focus on and derive from various regions and perspectives often under-represented in surveillance studies research. We are interested in bringing into conversation a collection of works that capture a range of approaches and from a multitude of viewpoints. As such, we will prioritize submissions against those criteria, in addition to excellence and fit with the full set of accepted pieces. For inspiration and as examples of similar sorts of projects, we refer you to a new publication from the UW Tech Policy Lab, "Telling Stories" (https://techpolicylab.uw.edu/telling-stories/) that contains fictional stories about artificial intelligence. You may also find Dr. Casey Fiesler's new paper, "Innovating like an Optimist, Preparing like a Pessimist: Ethical Speculation and the Legal Imagination" of interest (find it online at https://ctlj.colorado.edu/?page_id=1283) Within the Value Sensitive Design field, Nathan, Klasnja, and Friedman's "Value Scenarios: A Technique for Envisioning Systemic Effects of New Technologies" (https://doi.org/10.1145/1240866.1241046) may also be of interest. Submission: If you are interested in proposing piece for the Surveillance Stories section, please send the following to us on or before the end of day on April 16, 2021 (to both bcnewell(a)uoregon.edu<mailto:bcnewell@uoregon.edu> and susan.cahill(a)ucalgary.ca<mailto:susan.cahill@ucalgary.ca>): * Your name * Details of your institutional affiliation (if applicable) * Link to your online profile, website, etc., with list of your publications or artistic pieces (if available) * A title and ~300- to 400-word abstract for your proposed contribution (which can describe the storytelling approach, the media to be used, and/or present a narrative element from the story) Timeline: Authors will be notified of initial acceptance decisions on or before May 15, 2021. Final drafts/versions of provisionally accepted pieces will be due on September 1, 2021. Final acceptance will follow shortly thereafter, with anticipated publication in the December 2021 issue of Surveillance & Society. Please note that Dialogue and Art pieces are not refereed, but are subject to editorial review and, if (tentatively) accepted, possible requests for revision. Depending on time constraints, we also hope to allow authors of accepted contributions the chance to read or view and engage with the other accepted pieces prior to publication, to create a real dialogue within the section, when possible. We will only be selecting a limited number of pieces for inclusion in this special section. Recent Dialogue sections have focused on Surveillance and the COVID-19 Pandemic (coming in March 2021), Surveillance as Evidence<https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/surveillance-and-society/issue/vie…>, The State of Sousveillance<https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/surveillance-and-society/issue/vie…>, and Decolonizing Surveillance Studies<https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/surveillance-and-society/issue/vie…>. We look forward to reading your proposals. Sincerely, Bryce C. Newell, PhD, JD Assistant Professor of Media Law and Policy School of Journalism and Communication Faculty Affiliate, Center for Cyber Security and Privacy (CCSP) University of Oregon

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References for AI Literature
by Ming-Yi Wu 02 Apr '21

02 Apr '21

Dear Colleagues, I am wondering whether you know any theories that may explain people's perceptions about artificial intelligence (AI), applications of AI, and impacts of AI? For example, are there any books or journal articles for me to read? When I presented my paper at Eastern Communication Association's (ECA's) annual conference last week, one of my panel participants asked me a question which is related to AI. That's why I would would like to know about this. If you can share the AI theories, research findings, and references with me, it will be truly appreciated! Thanks, Ming-Yi Ming-Yi Wu, Ph.D.Graduate FacultyNortheastern University

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Call for Participation: DIY & More-than-Human Media Architecture Workshop
by Kavita Gonsalves 31 Mar '21

31 Mar '21

Call for Participation ============================== MAB20: DIY & MORE-THAN-HUMAN MEDIA ARCHITECTURE WORKSHOP held in conjunction with the Media Architecture Biennale 2020 in 2021 June 28 -July 2, 2021 Deadline for proposals: 30 April 2021 Workshop Date: 29 June 2021 Workshop Website: https://sites.google.com/urbaninformatics.net/mab2020workshop Workshop Application: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScETaAPHBzKXntjCnPOQV31kxf8T2aYYfI… Conference Website: https://mab20.mediaarchitecture.org/events/diy-more-than-human-media-archit… ============================== ------------------------------------------------ Workshop Abstract ------------------------------------------------ In recent years, research in the fields of media architecture and urban informatics have made calls to move beyond the human-centred city and towards a “more equitable multispecies city” (Van Dooren et al. 2012). Working towards future more-than-human cities, the design of hybrid digital-physical urban spaces - with an ethos of inclusivity and diversity - will require methods, tools, approaches, platforms, etc. to engage different communities, environments, and all kinds of nonhuman entities and creatures. This workshop poses the following question: While considering different characteristics (such as gender, race, class, abilities, creed, digital skills, habitat, bio-systems), how can citizens engage in creating DIY and More-than-Human Media Architecture to actively shape their spaces and foster imaginaries of more-than-human urban futurity, all while being kinder towards our stressed and fragile urban ecology? As a first step, DIY Media Architecture proposes that communities of experts support non-experts to create and design Media Architecture as active instigators of change in their own right. A possible strategy may lie in mobilizing allegories, entanglements, multispecies world-making, speculative prototyping, i.e., techniques to frame and engage more-than-human urban futures. This is positioned as empowering the less heard as taking charge of their digital-physical canvases throughout urban spaces and, as a next step, staking their and all creatures’ rights to the city. The workshop will be conducted online from 24th-29th June 2021. The workshop will provide the platform for discussions on alternative materials, platforms, strategies and tools for enabling DIY processes of the less heard in anthropocentric engagement. The workshop, further, encourages participants to bring prototypes, demos, videos and examples to broaden the conversation on DIY and More-than-Human Media Architecture. This will be collated towards two outcomes; 1) conceptual prototypes and 2) participants will be invited to co-author a publication. This is in keeping with MAB2020’s Themes & Issues of “Citizen’s Digital Rights”, “Playful and Artistic Civic Engagement” and “More-Than-Human Cities.” ------------------------------------------------ Workshop Themes ------------------------------------------------ We invite architects, designers, artists, academia, students, industry, media producers, technologists, psychologists, community practitioners and other interdisciplinary participants to help shape the discourse around and practice of DIY and More-than-Human Media Architecture. The workshop themes are: - Tools, Services, Building Blocks and Case Studies of different types of DIY and More-than-Human Media Architecture. - Methods and Methodologies of engaging in DIY and More-than-Human Media Architecture Processes, Platforms & Approaches. - Explorations and reflections of Social and Ethical Dimensions/Inquiries of Allegories, Entanglements, Speculative Practice through DIY and More-than-Human Media Architecture. ------------------------------------------------ Workshop Participation ------------------------------------------------ The workshop will involve a format of online presentations in the lead up to a workshop/s in 2021. Prospective participants are encouraged to contribute a short biography (50 words per author) along with a proposal. The proposal can take the form of one of the following: A brief position paper (500 words, excluding references) OR Visual Design Provocation (2-8 pages) on prototype or demo. You can pitch to do an online presentation or demonstrate a prototype during the workshops. Do indicate the time required for your presentation in your proposal. Workshop Application: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScETaAPHBzKXntjCnPOQV31kxf8T2aYYfI… ------------------------------------------------ Key Dates ------------------------------------------------ Deadline for proposals: 30 April 2021. Workshop Participant Notification: 14 May 2021. Schedule of sessions will be available by 1 June 2021. The Online Workshop will run on 29 June 2021 on Zoom. ------------------------------------------------ Workshop Organisers ------------------------------------------------ Kavita Gonsalves | Queensland University of Technology Greg Nijs | Université Libre de Bruxelles Waldemar Jenek | Queensland University of Technology Thomas Laureyssens | LUCA School of Arts Jorgos Coenen | KU Leuven Glenda Amayo Caldwell | Queensland University of Technology Andrew Vande Moere | KU Leuven Marcus Foth | Queensland University of Technology ------------------------------------------------ Contact ------------------------------------------------ k [dot] gonsalves [at] hdr [dot] qut [dot] edu [dot] au greg [dot] nijs [at] urbanspecies [dot] org ------------------------------------------------ Media Architecture Biennale 2020 ------------------------------------------------ The Media Architecture Biennale is the world’s premier event on media architecture, urban interaction design, digital placemaking, urban media art and urban informatics.As we design and adapt new technologies, in turn these technologies shape our cities. What future scenarios are implied in today’s urban technologies? And how can we shape our technologies to respond to their surroundings, contributing to cities that are both socially and ecologically sustainable? Originally, media architecture was most concerned with the integration of displays and interactive installations into architectural structures, such as media facades and urban screens. Over the years, the discipline has grown much broader, as new technologies such as digital platforms and smart city technologies have increasingly made their way into the experience, management and design of cities. None of these technologies brought into the city are neutral enablers, mere decorative structures or just simple market places connecting demand and supply in fields as diverse as energy and transport to commerce and leisure. They are built upon numerous spoken and unspoken assumptions about urban life, each with their own implications for both social relations as well as their effect on the natural ecosystem.It is time therefore for the discipline of media architecture to address the implied futures of new technologies. MAB20 calls for media architectures that move beyond the mere spectacular; as well as beyond the design of individualized services comforting human customers. MAB20 calls for media architectures and urban interaction that dare to take on a more-than-human approach: aiming at the well-being of the natural ecosystem as a whole; For urban media art and design that bring implicit and explicit bias within technology and culture to light, and provide the means for ongoing discussion, debate, and societal change; For digital platforms that strengthen citizen’s digital rights in democratic societies. Workshop Website: https://sites.google.com/urbaninformatics.net/mab2020workshop Conference Website: https://mab20.mediaarchitecture.org/ Kind regards, Kavita ————————————————- Kavita Gonsalves PhD Candidate | Urban Informatics QUT Design Lab<https://research.qut.edu.au/designlab/> | et cetera<https://www.linkedin.com/in/kavitagonsalves> Queensland University of Technology | Brisbane, Australia

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New Book: ‘Artificial Intelligence: Media and Information Literacy, Human Rights and Freedom of Expression’
by Ibrahim Kushchu 31 Mar '21

31 Mar '21

Dear All I am pleased to announce a new book (FREE to download an e-copy at the link below). ‘Artificial Intelligence: Media and Information Literacy, Human Rights and Freedom of Expression’ Published by TheNextMinds for the UNESCO Institute for Information Technologies in Education. Editors: Ibrahim Kushchu, Tuba Demirel Contributing Authors: Igor Shnurenko, Tatiana Murovana, Ibrahim Kushchu The table of contents is below and you can download a free e-copy here: https://thenextminds.com/resources/ ====== Ibrahim KUSHCHU, MBA, MSC., PHD Director, theNextMinds info(a)thenextminds.com www.thenextminds.com +44 7740143135 ======== CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................... I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................................................................................... II 1. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES............................... 1 1.1 Artificial Intelligence.......................................................................................2 1.1.1 Revisiting The Narrow Artificial Intelligence .......................................3 1.2 Augmented Intelligence: Extending Human and Machine Intelligence...4 1.3 How Does AI Work?........................................................................................5 1.4 Digital Technologies, AI and The Societal Implications..............................6 1.5 Emerging Automation Technologies............................................................8 1.6 Introducing Automation Concepts...............................................................9 1.6.1 Big Data....................................................................................................9 1.6.2 The Cloud...............................................................................................11 1.6.3 The Internet of Things..........................................................................13 1.6.4 Industry 4.0, Automation and Robotics ............................................14 1.6.5 Section Summary..................................................................................16 1.7 What Is So Special with AI? .........................................................................17 1.7.1 The Two Super Powers of AI................................................................18 1.8 Co-Evolution of AI with Society...................................................................20 1.8.1 The Risks of AI.......................................................................................22 1.8.2 Barriers to Beneficial AI .......................................................................22 1.8.3 Beneficial AI and MIL............................................................................24 1.9 Conclusions and Principles of AI for MIL...................................................26 References............................................................................................................27 2. MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY & ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE............ 30 2.1 UNESCO Perspectives on MIL.....................................................................31 2.2 Media and Information Literacy and Socio-Economic Context .............34 2.2.1 Complexity and Uncertainty ...............................................................35 2.2.2 Changes in The Media Environment..................................................36 2.2.3 Post-Truth Era.......................................................................................38 2.2.4 ‘Attention Economy’ and ‘Surveillance Capitalism’............................39 2.3 MIL-Related Challenges Posed by The AI...................................................41 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY, HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION 2.3.1 Filter Bubbles and Echo Chambers....................................................42 2.3.2 AI and Decision-Making in Communication......................................43 2.3.3 Programmed to Be Addictive..............................................................44 2.4 How MIL Can Practically Empower Citizens in The Digital Era................46 2.5 Critical Cognitive and Behavioural Autonomy..........................................49 2.6 Concluding Remarks....................................................................................51 References............................................................................................................52 3. AI IMPACT ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION.................55 3.1 The Context for Human Rights and AI.......................................................56 3.1.1 Human Rights in Information Age and The Arrival of AI .................56 3.1.2 Uncertainty of AI and Human Rights Due Diligence.........................59 3.1.3 AI and The Right to Privacy..................................................................60 3.2 Features and Uses of AI in The Context of Human Rights......................60 3.2.1 AI’s Lack of Predictability: AGI vs. Narrow AI.....................................60 3.2.2 The Dual Aspect of AI-Driven Personalization...................................61 3.2.3 Responsibility Delusion in Automated Decision-Making.................62 3.2.4 Dangerous Use of Consumer Data.....................................................63 3.2.5 AI-Based Surveillance and Tracking....................................................64 3.2.6 AI-Enabled Affect Recognition.............................................................65 3.2.7 AI in Content Moderation....................................................................66 3.2.8 AI-Driven Micro-Targeting....................................................................67 3.2.9 The Corporate Power and The Behavioural Surplus Economy.......67 3.2.10 ‘Prediction Factories’.............................................................................68 3.2.11 AI for Propaganda and Disinformation..............................................68 3.2.12 Fake News and Deep Fakes.................................................................69 3.2.13 Potential to Embed and Perpetuate Bias and Discrimination.........70 3.3 AI Trends for Human Rights........................................................................70 3.3.1 Applying AI to Fight Bias, Discrimination, Inequality and Creating Global Opportunities...........................................................70 3.3.2 Societal Solutions to Challenges of AI................................................72 3.3.3 People’s Control Over Their Data........................................................73 3.3.4 New Dangers for Human Rights.........................................................74 3.3.5 Existential Human Rights Danger: Free Will Under Threat..............74 3.3.6 AI Fast Progress Requires Update of The Human Rights List..........75 3.3.7 Education is Key for Building a Responsible AI.................................76 3.4 Concluding Remarks....................................................................................77 References............................................................................................................77 4. GLOBAL AND NATIONAL APPROACHES TO AI REGULATION........................ 80 4.1 Global Trends: Competition vs. Cooperation............................................81 4.2 Nationalizing AI as a Geopolitical Tool.......................................................81 4.3 AI Regulation as a Tool in AI Race ..............................................................82 4.3.1 Europe: Building Trust..........................................................................82 4.3.2 China: Building Centralized AI-Driven Systems of Control..............84 4.3.3 USA: Focus on Defence and Security..................................................88 4.4 AI May not Be a Silver Bullet to Solve All Problems..................................89 4.5 Concluding Remarks....................................................................................92 References............................................................................................................92 5. PROTECTION OF RIGHTS WITH AI: LEGISLATIVE, REGULATORY AND POLICY RESPONSES............................................................................... 94 5.1 Universality and Limitations of Human Rights ........................................95 5.1.1 Boundaries on Human Rights.............................................................95 5.1.2 AI and The Principle of Universality of Human Rights......................95 5.1.3 Right to Privacy as a Gateway to Freedom of Expression................96 5.2 Moderating Freedoms: Global Trends in AI Dealing with Freedoms and Censorship..........................................................................96 5.2.1 Trend: Eroding Protection for Freedom of Expression....................96 5.2.2 AI Surveillance Becomes Ubiquitous..................................................97 5.3 Policy Response I: Preventing State-Private Collusion and Big Tech Abuse..............................................................................................98 5.4 Policy Response II: Key Requirements and Guidelines for Trustworthy AI............................................................................................ 100 5.5 Policy Response III: Human-Centric AI Application to Legislation....... 103 5.6 Importance of Collective Decisions and Openness............................... 105 5.7 Concluding Remarks................................................................................. 107 References......................................................................................................... 108 6. CLOSING NOTES........................................................................................ 110

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