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MAB20 will be ONLINE and Call for Papers EXTENDED
by Media Architecture Biennale 22 Jan '21

22 Jan '21

Check out extended deadlines and upcoming events! ANNOUNCEMENT Dear MAB-Community, The MAB20 will now take place from June 28th - July 2nd, 2021 in an ONLINE format. All of the major events such as workshops, keynotes, awards and paper sessions will be accessible online from locations throughout the world. With this change we hope to make the MAB even more accessible worldwide, while also providing an exciting and safe experience to the MAB-Community. We still hope to be able to organise some smaller scale, on-site meet-ups in Amsterdam and Utrecht, depending on the local Covid-19 regulations at that time. Therefore, we will be updating you regularly with more details on MAB's virtual format via our website, social media accounts and this monthly newsletter. So, stay tuned! In the meantime, we are glad to announce the deadline extension of two of our calls: Papers and MAB Awards and the continuation of the series of MAB Livecasts at the Pakhuis de Zwijger! Find more details about this below. We are excited to continue to organise an inspiring and relevant conference for the MAB-community and we hope to welcome you virtually in the Summer/Winter of 2021! ** CALLS ------------------------------------------------------------ MAB20 (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) invites papers from academics, students, and industry practitioners that align to the theme 'Futures Implied' (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) . The paper contributions should address current practices, discuss theoretical approaches, or present novel research that explore and further develop our understanding of media architecture through relevant case studies, design processes, and community and industry examples. Deadline: Extended to March 1st More info >> (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) MAB20 (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) invites architects, urban designers, artists, and other industry practitioners to submit outstanding projects at the intersection of architecture, urban design and planning, media and interaction design, and art. This call is for projects that are already built or realized except if your project fits the category 'Future Trends and Prototypes'. Deadline: Extended to March 29 More info >> (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) MAB20 (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) invites students to send in their projects for the MAB Student Awards. An internationally acclaimed jury will select nominees and winners in five categories. During MAB20, a selection of projects will also be presented in an on-site exhibition and awards will be given out during a special event. We look forward to showcasing your innovative ideas! >> Deadline: April 1st, 2021 More info >> (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) ** EVENTS ------------------------------------------------------------ Yellow Dust 2018, South Korea, Seoul (Photo: Nerea Calvillo and Daniel Ruiz) MAB20 Livecast #3 | Designing Restorative Environments: Moving Beyond COVID-19 Wednesday, FEB 3rd | 18:30 – 19:30 CET at Pakhuis de Zwijger (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) With the arrival of vaccines’ distribution, a crucial momentum is here to rethink how we make our cities once COVID-19 is under control. Assuming, the pre-Covid trend of radical densification continuous, how could Spatial Projects and the perspective of Media-Architecture offer new ways to deal with an increased set of social challenges (inclusivity, diversity, unemployment) and ecological resilience? This MAB20 Livecast will together a group of thinkers and do-ers who can help carve out new perspectives and radical solutions for the monumental endeavours that await our Cities. Join speakers Maria Aiolova (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) , Ben Hooker (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) , Usman Haque (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) and moderators, Frank Suurenbroek (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) and Indira van ’t Klooster (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) in a rich conversation about restorative environments, media architecture and possible futures. More info >> (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) ** MAB-COMMUNITY ------------------------------------------------------------ Lithopy - the Cartesian Church of 3D Printing. Director: Petr Šourek. Design: Eva Holá. Photo: Jan Hrdý ONLINE EVENT | Rights to the Blockchain City #1 Wednesday, FEB 10th | 18:30 CET at Pakhuis de Zwijger (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) This is the first episode of a series of three livecasts around digital ledger design, organised by MAB20 organiser Hogeschool van Amsterdam - Play & Civic Media (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) , together with: Institute of Network Cultures (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) , Het Nieuwe Institute (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) and The University of Edinburgh (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) . As more and more blockchain projects engage in urban systems such as (local) governments, commons communities, and social entrepreneurship, it is becoming clear that they have much greater consequences and influence social systems in fundamental ways. Join a multidisciplinary group speakers in an instigating conversation about the impact of urban blockchain governance systems and explore what might life be like among all these blockchains. More info >> (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) WORKSHOP | Research Through Design Approaches In Human-Robot Interaction Submission deadline: Monday, FEB 15th, 2021 This workshop sets out to bring researchers across the Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), and Design fields that use, or are interested in using Research through Design (RtD) in their work. In particular, we aim to provide the venue to discuss the potential perspectives and contributions that can be brought to the HRI field by applying Research through Design approaches. To this end, we strongly encourage submissions from researchers, designers, and artists that work at the intersection of Human-Robot Interaction studies and Design Research. This workshop is organised by MAB Workshop Chairs Marius Hoggenmueller (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) and Luke Hespanhol (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) together with researchers from Carnegie Mellon University, The University of Sydney and Cornell University. Sign up >> (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) Project: Ahsen Cavlak PAPER | Exploring Media Architecture Design in Virtual Design Environments MAB Student Volunteer chair Waldemar Jenek (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) , has published a paper about the first case study for his PhD at QUT (Queensland University of Technology) (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) in collaboration with CSIRO's Data61 (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) and Hochschule Bochum - Bochum University of Applied Sciences (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) . The new peer-reviewed research paper, published in the JDS Journal of Design Studio (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) , was co-authored with Jenek's supervisors: Glenda Caldwell (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) , Jared Donovan (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) , Veronica Garcia-Hansen (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) , Matt Adcock (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) and Mingze Xi (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) . In this research, Jenek worked with a group of talented students exploring dynamic media architecture structures modelling in Archicad and animating in Twinmotion. Read here >> (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) ** MAB LIVECAST SERIES ------------------------------------------------------------ MAB Livecast #1 Media Architecture Today for Tomorrow's Cities (RE)WATCH HERE >> (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) Image: Impulse, Lateral Office and CS Design (photo: Ulysse Lemerise / OSA) MAB20 Livecast #2 Futures Implied: How Media Architecture shapes our cities (RE)WATCH HERE >> (https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53…) Image: Sonic Runway, Rob Jensen & Warren Trezevant (photo: Scott Ashkenaz) ** JOIN THE MAB-COMMUNITY ------------------------------------------------------------ Follow us on our social media channels below for regular updates. For questions regarding MAB20 please contact info(a)mab20.org (mailto:info@mab20.org) https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53… https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53… https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53… https://facebook.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=98b784859935f80b0b03b53… mailto:info@mab20.org ============================================================ ** view this email in your browser (https://mailchi.mp/cfe8ebc7d0e5/mab20-call-for-student-awards-online-meetup…) Copyright © 2021 Media Architecture Biennale, All rights reserved. You are receiving this email because you opted in via our website. Our mailing address is: Media Architecture Biennale Weesperzijde 190 Amsterdam, Nh 1097 DZ Netherlands Want to change how you receive these emails? 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CfP: DataTV 2021 Workshop
by Aisha Villegas 22 Jan '21

22 Jan '21

Call for Papers: DataTV 2021 Workshop *Submission Deadline - 19 March, 2021 Dear all, The DataTV workshop is back this year at the ACM International Conference on Interactive Experiences for TV and Online Video (ACM IMX) <https://imx.acm.org/2021/> The aim of the DataTV-2021 is to address the increasing importance and relevance of richly granular and semantically expressive data about TV and immersive audiovisual content in the media value chain. Such data needs software, specifications, standards and best practices for extraction, modelling and management before it can be meaningfully reused in new, innovative services for TV or other immersive audiovisual settings (360° video in AR orMR) such as: -Content Understanding and Summarization (e.g. to provide highlights of a program according to a specific user, theme or channel) - Recommendation and Scheduling across Publication Channels (Broadcast, Streaming,Social Networks) - In Stream Personalisation of Content (both spatial and temporal modification of text,audio, video) - Personalised and adaptive presentation for various media experiences, including user-user or network-user delivery using interworking media presentation formats 2 types of submissions: - Full papers will have an oral presentation at the workshop - Short papers to be presented as a poster or a demo at the workshop We kindly ask you to share this call with your professional networks or potentially interested parties. Find the full call at http://datatv2021.iti.gr/ * Conference Organizing Committee * Jeremy Foss <http://datatv2021.iti.gr/>, Birmingham City University, UK Lyndon Nixon <https://www.modul.ac.at/user/Nixon/>, MODUL Technology GmbH, Austria Vasileios Mezaris <http://www.iti.gr/~bmezaris/>, CERTH-ITI, Greece Please contact the workshop organizers if you have any questions about the conference at DataTV2021-chairs(a)iti.gr. We look forward to receiving your abstracts! ------ Join the growing DataTV Community----- The DataTV Community aims to bring together experts in the field of (meta)data and television from academia and industry, and build a platform where professionals can share the latest state of the art and innovations in this field. Join the conversation in LinkedIn at http://bit.ly/326vSd9 <https://t.co/tjnq7GnwTV?amp=1> Thank you, -- *Aisha Villegas* Outreach & Communications Coordinator *Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision* *Media Parkboulevard 1, 1217 WE Hilversum * *Postbus 1060, 1200 BB Hilversum | **beeldengeluid.nl <http://www.beeldengeluid.nl/>*

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Live stream MONDAY: Timnit Gebru: Computer Vision -- Who Is Helped And Who Is Harmed? (4pm ET on Zoom)
by Christian Sandvig 22 Jan '21

22 Jan '21

It seems like this might be of interest to this list? Christian ---------- Forwarded message --------- From: Christian Sandvig <csandvig(a)umich.edu> Date: Thu, Jan 21, 2021 at 10:16 PM Subject: MONDAY: Timnit Gebru: Computer Vision -- Who Is Helped And Who Is Harmed? (4pm ET on Zoom) To: Dear Ethics and AI Enthusiasts, Welcome to the new year! I'm writing with the exciting news that ESC will launch the semester with a talk by Dr. Timnit Gebru. Even if you have already seen announcements of this event, I want to reiterate its significance. In the domain of computing and ethics, Dr. Gebru is one of the most sought after speakers available. Dr. Gebru is a leading and widely-respected researcher in the domain of AI ethics. In addition, Dr. Gebru was recently dismissed from Google after what the MIT Technology Review described as "a protracted disagreement over a research paper...[which] detailed the risks of large AI language models." This has received such widespread attention, last month it led members of Congress to call for a federal investigation. Monday's talk promises to tackle the proposed use of computer vision for such shocking applications as the alleged ability to use your image to identify your sexual orientation, your "propensity to violence," and others. I hope you will join us. All are welcome -- please feel free to forward this e-mail as appropriate. Christian -- Timnit Gebru: Computer Vision – Who is helped and who is harmed? January 25, 2021 @ 4:00 pm - 5:00 pm Times are shown in Eastern Time JOIN VIA ZOOM https://umich.zoom.us/j/92549579663 TIMNIT GEBRU Computer Scientist, former Co-Lead Ethical AI Research Team, Google Brain, Founder of Black in AI ABSTRACT Computer vision has ceased to be a purely academic endeavor. From law enforcement, to border control, to employment, healthcare diagnostics, and assigning trust scores, computer vision systems are being rapidly integrated into all aspects of society. In research, there are works that purport to determine a person’s sexuality from their social network profile images, others that claim to classify “violent individuals” from drone footage. These works were published in high impact journals, and some were presented at workshops in top tier computer vision conferences such as CVPR. A critical public discourse surrounding the use of computer-vision based technologies has also been mounting. For example, the use of facial recognition technologies by policing agencies has been heavily critiqued and, in response, companies such as Microsoft, Amazon, and IBM have pulled or paused their facial recognition software services. Gender Shades showed that commercial gender classification systems have high disparities in error rates by skin-type and gender, and other works discuss the harms caused by the mere existence of automatic gender recognition systems. Recent papers have also exposed shockingly racist and sexist labels in popular computer vision datasets–resulting in the removal of some. In this talk, I will highlight some of these issues and proposed solutions to mitigate bias, as well as how some of the proposed fixes could exacerbate the problem rather than mitigate it. SPEAKER BIO Timnit Gebru was a senior research scientist at Google co-leading the Ethical Artificial Intelligence research team. Her work focuses on mitigating the potential negative impacts of machine learning based systems. Timnit is also the co-founder of Black in AI, a non profit supporting Black researchers and practitioners in artificial intelligence. Prior to this, she did a postdoc at Microsoft Research, New York City in the FATE (Fairness Transparency Accountability and Ethics in AI) group, where she studied algorithmic bias and the ethical implications underlying any data mining project. She received her Ph.D. from the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, studying computer vision under Fei-Fei Li. Prior to joining Fei-Fei’s lab, she worked at Apple designing circuits and signal processing algorithms for various Apple products including the first iPad. This event is organized by the Michigan Institute for Data Science (MIDAS) and co-sponsored by ESC, the U-M AI Lab, and the IT Dissonance Event Series. Link to this event on the Web: https://esc.umich.edu/event/timnit-gebru-computer-vision-who-is-helped-and-… More information about ESC: The Center for Ethics, Society, and Computing: http://esc.umich.edu/ LOOKING AHEAD TO OUR NEXT ESC EVENT: Charlton McIlwain: Smash the Mainframe -- The Collision Between Civil Rights and Computing February 2, 2021 @ 7:00 pm https://esc.umich.edu/event/charlton-mcilwain-smash-the-mainframe/ -------- ESC is generously supported by the School of Information; the Center for Political Studies at the Institute for Social Research; and the Department of Communication & Media in the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts at the University of Michigan.

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Platform JMC CFP: Visuality, Truth & Politics
by Sophie Freeman 22 Jan '21

22 Jan '21

Call for Papers: Visuality, Truth & Politics https://platformjmc.com/2020/12/01/call-for-papers-visuality-truth-and-poli… *Volume editors: Sophie Freeman, Geoff Hondroudakis, Maria Kamal, and Brian McKitrick.* Platform Journal of Media & Communication is pleased to announce our latest CFP, inviting submissions from graduate researchers and ECRs. Do consider submitting an abstract and please feel free to spread the word to those who may be interested. Deadline for abstract submissions: 1st February 2021 From photographs to viral videos and memes, images pervade digital communication. In one sense, the global health crisis compresses a media landscape already dominated by branded content, extremism, tokenism, fakes and misinformation hosted on platforms underpinned by logics of surveillance capitalism. The long-discussed spectacle of the image appears, in this sense, to degrade the epistemic function of visuality, breaking the bonds between the visible and the true. Yet, within this milieu, a cell phone video documenting police brutality enabled social media audiences to witness the events that led to George Floyd’s death and galvanised global protests in support of the Black Lives Matter movement, demonstrating the power of visuals shared in the digital media sphere. Activism and political dissent take on new forms (or recycle old forms with new technologies) to hold power to account through visual forms of communication and witnessing. Such mass movements reveal that the suturing of the visible, the true, and the politically effective remains possible, though it requires enormous collective work. Beyond and beneath these most overt sites of struggle, visuality as a conflux of sensing and representing renews fundamental problems of knowing and being. Scholars such as Wendy Chun have pointed to the technoscientific collapse of the image with its process of becoming. Planetary computation prompts us to rethink how technics make visible the invisible, converting the Earth into a vast sensing apparatus from which data become visual object. Such frames contrast with notions of the photograph as part of social rituals and a means of participating in the “mortality, vulnerability and mutability” of others (Zelizer, 2010, p. 25). Visuality thus also activates ontological questions of the determinations and disjuncts between the frame of the human and that of technical system. This issue of Platform seeks papers which engage with the question: What is the relationship between the visual, the true, and the political today? What does visual signify today in the digital realm in regards to activism and discourse? How do visual technologies bolster reactionary powers through new forms of surveillance and policing? What does the visual signify in terms of representation as such, of the relationship between the sign, its apparatus, and its meaning? Platform invites papers on all aspects related to visual politics and digital media, including but not limited to: * Online and physical activism * Circulation dynamics of visual media * Witnessing and accountability * Collective memory, visibility and accessibility * Images as transient: attention and content overload * Manipulation, interference and disinformation * Online and offline moderation * Ideologies of visibility and concealment * Apparatuses and applications of data visualisation * Sensing and Visual Augmentation * Memes and formats of online cultural artifacts * Image appropriation and remix culture * Images, memorialisation and mourning rituals Please submit abstracts via the form available at our ‘Make a Submission’ page.<https://platformjmc.com/make-a-submission/> Abstracts should not exceed 350 words. Abstract submission deadline: 1 February 2021. Authors notified of decisions: 22 February 2021 Full papers due: 2 April 2021 Please send all further questions to the editorial team via platformjmc(a)gmail.com. Sophie Freeman | Ph.D. Candidate | Media and Communications Tutor | Graduate Editor Platform JMC School of Computing & Information Systems | School of Culture & Communication The University of Melbourne E: sophie.freeman(a)unimelb.edu.au I acknowledge the Traditional Owners of the land where I live and work, the Wurundjeri and Boon Wurrung people of the Kulin Nations, and pay my respects to the Elders, past, present and emerging.

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Announcing the Retro Mobile Gaming Database
by Adriana de Souza e Silva 21 Jan '21

21 Jan '21

Hi all, The Mobile Gaming Research Lab <https://mglab.chass.ncsu.edu/> at NC State University is proud to announce the release of the Retro Mobile Gaming Database <http://database.mglab.chass.ncsu.edu/> [http://database.mglab.chass.ncsu.edu/ <http://database.mglab.chass.ncsu.edu/>] (RMGD). The RMGD is an online, publicly searchable database of early mobile games, intended for use by game scholars, students interested in games, and game enthusiasts. The RMGD includes information about games developed between the years 1975-2008. We have selected this initial experimental timeframe to demarcate the release of the earliest handheld games up through the release of iPhone 3G and app store in 2008, when the number of mobile games grew significantly. The RMGD offers a centralized repository for researching games. Prior to this point, it was often very difficult to find information about specific mobile games or to understand how they related to one another, since several early mobile games lacked consistent documentation and were experimental, ephemeral, or small-scale in nature. The RMGD fills this gap by allowing users to search using a wide range of criteria, such as title, time frame, genre, type of connectivity, number of players, place of development, authors, hardware, as well as popular press and scholarly articles written about them. By combining and establishing search criteria, users will be able to trace new correlations among games that otherwise might not be evident. The database also provides a map that shows the geographic locations of where searched games were developed and a list of games with similar features. In addition, users will be able to participate by not only searching for games, but also by suggesting new games! So, if you know of a game that is not currently in the database, you can help to populate our database by suggesting a new game. To do that, simply register for a new account and complete the “suggest new entry” form. The game suggestions will be reviewed by the MGRL staff before becoming publicly available. WE WELCOME YOUR CONTRIBUTIONS! Users can also export their search results as a .csv file, so that the data can be used for any individual research purposes. Finally, the repository is mobile friendly, so you can access it either from your computer or mobile device. Mobile games are a growing and increasingly complex genre. Our database aims at creating a centralized repository for all types of mobile games, including (1) games played on mobile gaming consoles, such as Mattel Football and Nintendo Game & Watch Parachute, (2) games played on mobile phone screens, such as Tetris and Snake, and (2) games played with mobile phones, but that take place simultaneously in physical and digital spaces, such as location-based mobile games, hybrid reality games, pervasive games, augmented reality games, and urban games. The Retro Mobile Gaming Database was developed and designed by the NC State University Computer Science Department Senior Design Center team members:Alexander Chtcheprov, Shrawan Gautam, Neeloy Gomes, and Meet Patel, under the mentorship of Ms. Margaret Heil (Director), Dr. Lina Battestilli (Technical Advisor) and Mr. Michael DeHaan (Technical Consultant). The concept, content and structure of the MGDB was developed by the NCSU Mobile Gaming Research Lab research team, which is comprised of Ragan Glover-Rikjse ( CRDM, PhD candidate) and Akshay D'Souza(STS student), under the supervision of Dr. Adriana de Souza e Silva (Professor of Communication). _________________________ Adriana de Souza e Silva University Faculty Scholar Professor Department of Communication NC State University http://www.souzaesilva.com <http://www.souzaesilva.com/>

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Event "Miniseries" on Fandom+Piracy
by Abigail De Kosnik 21 Jan '21

21 Jan '21

Hi all! I'm hosting a four-event "miniseries" on Fandom + Piracy this spring. It will be all free and on Zoom (just pre-register to attend). Save the dates: Thursdays 2/25, 3/4, 3/11, 3/18 @ 5 pm Pacific!!! https://www.fandomandpiracy.online/ Our list of phenomenal speakers include: Rebecca Wanzo, Kavita Philip, Brewster Kahle, andré carrington, Racquel Gates, Alfred Martin, Rukmini Pande, Alexander Dent, Keller Easterling, Jen Holt, Elleza Kelley!!!!! Fandom and piracy are two modes of countercultural computing, alternative media, distributed creativity, and copying culture. Their critics often characterize them as illegitimate, or even criminal. In this conference mini-series, consisting of two lectures and two panels taking place online on four consecutive Thursdays, we will hear from scholars whose work enables us to understand how fandom and piracy have played a part in the evolution of the internet, how they have attracted millions of participants and become akin to social movements, how they have given rise to digital platforms that both augment and defy the corporatization of media production and the web, and how race/ethnicity, gender, and sexuality operate within fan and pirate communities.

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Two Full-Time Faculty Positions in Digital Media at the University of Houston
by Elizabeth Rodwell 21 Jan '21

21 Jan '21

We’re hiring for two full-time Digital Media faculty positions (one open rank tenure-track, another full-time instructional faculty). Please check them out: https://uhs.taleo.net/careersection/ex2_uhf/jobdetail.ftl?job=FAC001621&tz=… <https://uhs.taleo.net/careersection/ex2_uhf/jobdetail.ftl?job=FAC001621&tz=…> https://uhs.taleo.net/careersection/ex2_uhf/jobdetail.ftl?job=FAC001619&tz=… <https://uhs.taleo.net/careersection/ex2_uhf/jobdetail.ftl?job=FAC001619&tz=…> The University of Houston has actually been a great place to work, even during a pandemic (we had full control over how we teach, for example). And Houston’s not only the 4th largest city in the country, but the most diverse! -- Elizabeth Rodwell, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Information & Logistics Technology Comparative Cultural Studies Affiliate 344 Brazos Hall • Sugar Land, TX 77479 Ph: 713-743-3046 ============================== University of Houston A Carnegie-designated Tier One public research university ==============================

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Privacy online: chilling effects and subjective experiences
by Jill Madeleine Walker Rettberg 21 Jan '21

21 Jan '21

Dear colleagues, I’m a member of the Norwegian Personvernskommisjon, a government-appointed committee writing a report on privacy that will provide politicians and others with an overview, analysis of practices today and policy recommendations. Most of the committee are in law, and I want to bring in other perspectives. I was asked to find research on “the chilling effect” and privacy, and found lots of interesting research, a lot of which is very relevant to AoIR – so I thought this would be a great place to ask for input and ideas. Below you’ll find an algorithmically translated version of my initial lit review (please excuse the slightly weird language as it was originally written in Norwegian – if you read Norwegian, the original is here: http://jilltxt.net/?p=4951) My informal summary is at the start, and you can scroll down for an annotated bibliography of what I have found so far. Now I’ve been asked to find more research on subjective experiences of privacy/lack of privacy online. I’d love suggestions as to what I should be looking at here, as well as any suggestions for other angles to consider. Jill Summary of research on the chilling effect and privacy Jill Walker Rettberg, 15.01.2021 The chilling effect occurs "in situations where the exercise of legitimate actions is curtailed or counteracted by the threat of possible sanctions"(NOU2016:19: Security Interaction).<https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/nou-2016-19/id2515424/?ch=3> It is very difficult to obtain secure knowledge or quantify the relationships between monitoring, profiling and any chilling effect. As the Norwegian Data Protection Authority writes in the chapter on the chilling effect of the Data Protection Survey 2019/2020: "It is generally easier to measure active actions than the absence of actions." Surveys don't always provide information about what people actually do, and it's hard to research empirically on this. A key finding in several studies is that our awareness of state and commercial monitoring of the web not only leads to a chilling effect on our utterances but also that we limit our behavior (Büchi et.al. 2020 and a number of others). Law professor Paul Bernal argues that data collection and surveillance on the internet threatens not only an individual right to privacy but also a collective need for security that includes human rights such as freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, freedom of association and anti-discrimination prohibition (Bernal 2016). (Bernal's new book What Do We Know And What Should We Do About Internet Privacy (Sage, 2020) seems very relevant). Our behavior is probably affected even if we understand how profiles are used (Büchi et.al 2020, p 7). Automated manipulation of individuals' behavior harms the individual's autonomy (Büchi 2020 p. 7, and Büchi et al quotes two others). There are relatively few empirical studies of the chilling effect in digital media, but there are two that are often cited. Penney (2017) found that visitor numbers of Wikipedia articles on terrorism declined markedly after Snowdon's disclosures in 2013,arguing that this shows a clear chilling effect: people avoid seeking out information because they know they are being monitored (see figure from Penney 2017, p. 158). Another survey (Marthews & Tucker 2017) started by showing informants a list of keywords that contained words on the Dept of Homeland Security's alert list ("Anthrax," "agriculture," "attack"), words that were embarrassing in different ways ("erectile dysfunction" and "My Little Pony") and some very common words. Then they asked the informants which of these keywords they would be embarrassed that friends and family saw, what words they thought might get them in trouble with the authorities etc. The researchers then used Google Trends to see whether the search terms the informants found were "sensitive" had been less searched after the Snowdon revelations. It turned out that across 41 countries during this period there was a 4% decrease in searches in terms that the informants had said could cause them problems with the authorities. It surprised the researchers that they found a connection, but they found no other causal explanations other than that there was a chilling effect as a consequence of Snowdon's disclosures about government surveillance. Another study finds that informants who have been exposed to surveillance information say they are less likely to engage in online political activities (Stoycheff et.al 2019). Büchi et.al. 2020 has several examples. It is even more difficult to detect or debunk a chilling effect of algorithmic profiling because it is so diffuse. Algorithmic profiling circumvents privacy regulations by using statistical inferens rather than tangible personal data. This means that the GDPR can be completely circumvented because identification of the individual is no longer required for profiling (Büchi et.al. 2020 p.m. 8). Stoilova et. al. (2019) finds in a review of research into children's privacy practices that the research mostly looks at data that is shared deliberately, and not on metadata and other data traces, which is what is used foralgorithmic profiling. This is a new development we at the Privacy Commission should think something about! Is it a privacy violation that Google has paid MasterCard millions of dollars to see if online advertising on Google leads to purchases in physical stores? This happens according to them without using personally identifiable information (Büchi et.al. 2020, p. 5; media case from Bloomberg 2018<https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-30/google-and-mastercard-cu…>). Our "digital footprint" can be a source of increased discrimination and "digital inequality"(Micheli et.al. 2018). Custom advertising can be discriminatory - The United States accused Facebook in 2019 of violating the U.S. Fair Housing Act by selling custom advertising that differed on the basis of race. According to Jon Wessel-Aas,source protection is"far illusory"when communication takes place electronically (2014, p 57), both due to Norwegian regulation and even more when communicating across borders. Here, Anders Brenna's book Digital Source Protection (2012) may be relevant, butI haven't read it, and it's been a while since 2012. Search for "reporter's privilege"|" source protection" + "chilling effect" + "privacy" on Google Scholar provides the most legal articles that do not seem to be particularly relevant to privacy,with the exception of Bradshaw 2017 which found that British journalists did not have good information security for digital source protection, despite a lot of information about surveillance. A related topic is the privacy paradox: why do we voluntarily give personal data to apps when we say we dislike it so strongly? New research largely rejects that there is some paradox - there are several logical explanations (Kokolakis 2017). The term "privacy paradox" was first used in 2001, in a study in which consumers who shopped online expressed concern about privacy but were still willing to give up personal data to online stores if they received anything in return (Brown 2001). In 2004, Acquisti suggests, from a behavioral economic perspective, that "[p]eople may not be able to act as economically rational agents when it comes to personal privacy." The privacy paradox is challenged by research into the chilling effect: Penney (2017) arguesthat we limit our behavior because we know that certain actions will create personal data about us collected by state or commercial actors. So when we agree to give up personal data to apps, etc. we also change behavior so that the data we give away becomes less inflamed. So there's no paradox. (Penney 2017; Büchi et.al. Penney 2017 is an in-depth research overview of the privacy paradox. Another research study (Baruh et.al 2017) looked at 166 research studies from 34 countries and found that privacy concerns do not predict the use of social media, but that those who are more concerned about privacy use e-commerce and digital public services less than those who are not concerned about privacy, and that they share less information and are more likely to use "protective privacy measures." Another response to the experience of having to give up personal data against their will is privacy lies,which Sannon et.al. (2018) defines as "the deliberate provision of false personal information to protect ase facet of an individual's privacy". Half of American teens have provided false information on social media profiles- and40% of internet users report lying to commercial websites. I also investigated a little around doxing and this that ordinary people can get personal information about themselves spread as an act of revenge after they have spoken out publicly or on social media. It's a slightly different matter, but my gut says they're connected. In particular, female journalists and women who have spoken out have received threats online, and doxing, i.e. that personal information about address and family etc is made public, is a well-known strategy that, together with "regular" netizens, definitely has a chilling effect on the utterances of women and minorities. For other uses, see Wikipedia (disambitation)<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxing#Hit_lists_of_abortion_providers> This also happens to well-meaning (?) activists who try to "help" police identify protesters from photos and videos (e.g. here from the storming of Captiol 06.02.2021<https://mobile.twitter.com/jsrailton/status/1348453055663116290>) or as shown in artist Joana Moll's project The Virtual Watchers<http://www.virtualwatchers.de> (2016) which is based on an actual Facebook group where people "help" immigration police in the United States identify illegal immigrants from surveillance cameras. I didn't find research that looked at doxing or that amateurs are looking for personal information about others from a privacy perspective. Doxing is seen as part of online privacy and to a lesser extent discussed in relation to privacy. Netthets, on the other hand, is associated with the chilling effect and freedom of expression in that it is often alleged that laws against cyberharassment will have a "chilling effect" on freedom of speech, but Penney (2020) argues that such laws will allow minorities and especially women to be able to speak freer. Another adjoining field is digital sexual offenses (revenge porn), i.e. the proliferation of private nude photos without consent. Patella-Rey (2018) argues that the proliferation of nude photos without consent is not about privacy ,but about the protection of the body itself, i.e. that it is perceived as a violation of bodily integrity, and much worse than just the dissemination of information about thebody/person. It is interesting to think about where the boundary between body and data goes - what is personal data and what is simply person? Among homosexuals, participation on dating apps like Grindr increases the risk of spreading nude photos without consent - such dating apps have "powerful norms of disclosure that make sharing personal information all but required" (Waldman 2019). Research overviews and meta-analyses The following articles provide systematic summaries of research on specific topics: Büchi, Moritz, Eduard Fosch-Villaronga, Christoph Lutz, Aurelia Tamò-Larrieux, Shruthi Velidi, and Salome Viljoen. "The Chilling Effects of Algorithmic Profiling: Mapping the Issues." Computer Law & Security Review 36 (April 2020): 105367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2019.105367.<https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2019.105367> A literature overview of research on profiling and on the chilling effect and how they are connected. States that profiling can lead to people changing behavior - it's not just about freedom of speech, behavior. The chilling effect involves avoiding behavior, which is what this article focuses on. Profiling can also make people add up to specific behaviors (making sure to get 10,000 steps because they know the insurance company or employer is paying attention - this is my example not from the article). Very much interesting in this article, recommended reading. Nb: one of the authors, Christoph Lutz, is Swiss but has been an associate professor at BI in Oslo since 2018. Kokolakis, Spyros. "Privacy Attitudes and Privacy Behaviour: A Review of Current Research on the Privacy Phenomenon Paradox." Computers & Security 64 (January 2017): 122-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2015.07.002.<https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2015.07.002> This study is very much cited. It provides an overview of research in Scopus with the keywords "privacy paradox", but not legal and ethical research, as well as relevant articles cited by the first articles. A total of 51 articles. The article has practical overview tables that show research that confirms and denies the privacy paradox. The conclusion is that research on the privacy paradox has very contradictory findings. This is due to 1) Interpretation (is €7 to sell their personal data cheaply or does it show that we actually put a value on them? What does it mean that consumers already know that their personal data is poorly protected?). 2) Context: difference between people's attitude privacy in e-commerce and in educational context, e.g. Dangerous to transfer results from one sphere to another. Different types of personal data also cannot be easily compared. 3) Research methods: A survey survey is, for example, unsuitable for finding out anything about actual behaviour, nor to collect information about trades we undertake relatively rarely (e.g. security settings) because we remember too poorly. Experiments are often in generalisable. Five research fields that contribute to research into the privacy paradox today: 1) privacy calculus theory: we are rational agents who calculate the relationship between the supposed loss of privacy and the benefits we get for it. 2) Social theoretical interpretations: social communities very important for people, social representations (common understandings) of privacy in a digital community are not yet enough developed. 3) Cognitive biases and heuristics: Unlike privacy calculus theory:[some?] behavioral economists believe we are not purely rational agents, but have a cognitive bias when making decisions [Should be checked with an economist?] The article goes through a number of such biases. 4) Bounded rationality, incomplete information, and information asymmetries We do not have an overview of all the consequences 5) Quantum theoretical homomorphism (!) One study sees human decision-making as analogous to the principle of uncertainty in quantum mechanics, i.e. the decision is uncertain until it is taken. This latest is based on a single study so not exactly common. Lemi Baruh, Ekin Secinti, Zeynep Cemalcilar, Online Privacy Concerns and Privacy Management: A Meta-Analytical Review, Journal of Communication,Volume 67, Issue 1, February 2017, Pages 26-53, https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12276 Meta-analysis of 166 research studies from 34 countries found that privacy concerns do not predict the use of social media, but that those who are more concerned about privacy use other online services (other than social media) to a lesser extent, share less information and are more likely to use "privacy protective measures." Social media has positive effects on users' social needs and needs to express themselves, which is perhaps why privacy-concerned users are willing to use social media but not online shopping, public services, etc.m. that do not meet social/emotional needs (p. 28) Mariya Stoilova, Rishita Nandagiri & Sonia Livingstone (2019) Children's understanding of personal data and privacy online – a systematic evidence mapping. Information, Communication & Society, DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2019.1657164<https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2019.1657164> · There are few studies of younger children and it complicates knowledge-based policy and social development · Most studies focus on interpersonal privacy, i.e. sharing information between individuals, and not on the commercial or institutional collection of children's personal data. · Most studies focus on personal data that is shared deliberately, and not on metadata and data traces, which are also important for children's privacy. · Most empirical studies look at children's behavior and practices, and not on their media expertise, specifically their expertise to consent to privacy practices. · --> We need better research on children's privacy, especially in these fields. Annotated bibliography - other relevant research articles Acquisti, Alessandro. "Privacy in Electronic Commerce and the Economics of Immediate Gratification." In Proceedings of the 5th ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce - EC '04, 21. New York, NY, USA: ACM Press, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1145/988772.988777.<https://doi.org/10.1145/988772.988777> Behavioral economist who argued that consumers are not able to be rational actors in connection with online privacy: "we show why individuals who may genuinely want to protect their privacy might not do so because of psychological distortions well documented in the behavioral literature; we show that these distortions may affect not only 'naive' individuals but also 'sophisticated' ones; and we prove that this may occur also when individuals perceive the risks from not protecting their privacy as significant." Paul Bradshaw (2017) Chilling Effect, Digital Journalism, 5:3, 334-352, DOI: 10.1080/21670811.2016.1251329<https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2016.1251329> Journalists in regional newspapers (in the UK) do not appear to have good information security for source protection, despite constant revelations about electronic surveillance by the state and police. Brown, B. Studying the internet experience. HP Laboratories Technical Report (HPL-2001-49) http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/2001/HPL-2001-49.pdf (2001) The first time the term "privacy paradox" was used (otherwise not a very exciting report from Hewlett Packard on how people used the web). "For online shopping we explored its popularity and in particular the concerns of users with regard to privacy and security. This uncovered something of a "privacy paradox" between users complaints regarding privacy and their use of supermarket loyalty cards." Penney, Jonathon W. "Chilling Effects: Online Surveillance and Wikipedia Use." Berkeley Technology Law Journal 31, No. 1 (2016): 117-74 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2769645. Empirical research specifically exploring the chilling effect of government surveillance Penney (2017) is based on Wikipedia's lawsuit against the NSA in 2015 (see their article in NYTimes<https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/10/opinion/stop-spying-on-wikipedia-users.h…> 10.03.2015, in which Jimmy Wales and Lila Tretikov argue that monitoring online activity leads to a chilling effect that inhibits freedom of expression and free flow of knowledge: "Pervasive surveillance has a chilling effect. It stifles freedom of expression and the free exchange of knowledge that Wikimedia was designed to enable." The lawsuit was dismissed, in part because it is difficult to prove a chilling effect. Summary of this study from Büchi et.al. 2019 page 4 (paragraph 3.2) (this is almost directly translated from Büchi, so nb be careful to properly quote if used) This study of activity on Wikipedia after NSA/PRISM surveillance revelations in June 2013 is the first empirical study of the chilling effect online. Penney distinguishes four types of chilling effects online, with different causal explanations. The chilling is due to either i. statutes or regulations prohibiting certain online activity ii. Government or non-governmental surveillance iii. Vague legislation with threats of consequences for individuals iv. "secondary chilling effects" where people other than the user himself (e.g. the user's friends on social media) bond their behaviour Penney's findings are contrary to research on the"privacy paradox"- meaning that people complain that they have to give up too much personal data but that they still give up their information voluntarily. Penney challenges this theory: yes, we give up personal data to apps, but we also put a leash on our behavior because we know that the apps get access to the data. Bernal, Paul. "Data Gathering, Surveillance and Human Rights: Recasting the Debate." Journal of Cyber Policy 1, No. 2 (July 2, 2016): 243–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/23738871.2016.1228990.<https://doi.org/10.1080/23738871.2016.1228990> The collection of personal data threatens not only privacy, but also other human rights, which collectively impair the safety of society, In this article in the Journal of Cyber Policy, British law professor Paul Bernal argues that it is important to see how data collection and surveillance on the internet threatens not only an individual right to privacy but also a collective need for security that includes freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, freedom of association and prohibition of discrimination. It is also failed to distinguish commercial and state collection of personal data, the authors argue. He further discusses the question of when surveillance occurs: when data is collected, when data is analyzed algorithmically or when data is viewed or analyzed by humans? The main point is that the idea that privacy and security must be balanced against each other is flawed, because they do not stand in contrast to each other but affect each other greatly. Increased privacy can lead to increased security. Bernal goes through a number of different types of surveillance, and some relevant litigation. He points out that profiling of individuals is deeply problematic, including in relation to men's rights (freedom of thought, conscience and religion). Freedom of speech is also threatened. He mentions a number of cases where the police sought access to confidential communications between journalists and sources. He also cites a PEN report (2013) that shows that many have limited their utterances after the Snowden case. This quote from the conclusion sums up the points in the article good: Statements such as Theresa May's that 'the UK does not engage in mass surveillance' though semantically arguable, are in effect deeply unhelpful. A more accurate statement would be that the UK engages in bulk data gathering that interferes not only with privacy but with freedom of expression, association and assembly, the right to a free trial and the prohibition of discrimination, and which puts people at a wide variety of un and unquantified risks. Bernal<https://people.uea.ac.uk/paul_bernal/info?type=researchinterests> has also published three books that look relevant: Internet Privacy Rights: Rights to Protect Autonomy (CUP, 2014), The Internet, Warts and All: Free Speech, Privacy and Truth (CUP, 2018) and What Do We Know And What We Should Do About Internet Privacy (Sage, 2020). Ashraf, Cameran. "Artificial Intelligence and the Rights to Assembly and Association." Journal of Cyber Policy 5, No. 2 (May 3, 2020): 163–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/23738871.2020.1778760.<https://doi.org/10.1080/23738871.2020.1778760> Similar points to Bernal, but less directly on privacy. While much other research has focused on how AI will affect privacy and freedom of expression, this article focuses on how AI will affect freedom of assembly and freedom of association, both of which are important human rights. This article looks at how AI affects what content we see and what content exists (because something is automatically deleted or moderated away). The article ends with a number of policy recommendations. Dexe, Jacob, and Ulrik Franke. "Nordic Lights? National AI Policies for Doing Well by Doing Good." Journal of Cyber Policy, December 9, 2020, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/23738871.2020.1856160.<https://doi.org/10.1080/23738871.2020.1856160> Relevant because it offers a comparison of official strategy documents on artificial intelligence in the Nordic countries (Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Finland) - but privacy is not a main point. The article is based on the "AI4People" taxonomy, which proposes five ethical principles of KI: goodness (beneficience), non-malficience, autonomy, fairness and intelligibility (explicability). The article aims to find out how the national strategies deal with ethics: how can we ensure that AI is used for good, and not evil? Nordic and European countries see ethical AI not only as a moral imperative but also as a competitive advantage - see quotes from relevant strategies in the article. Privacy comes into this in principle that AI should not lead to abuse (it should be non-maleficient). All countries except Denmark explicitly mention privacy in their AI strategies. Danish, Finnish and Norwegian strategies also mention the ownership of data (autonomy) as important. Unfortunately, the article concludes that it would be nice if it is true that ethical use of AI is a competitive advantage, but the Nordic strategy documents fail to make strong arguments for this, and are unlikely to convince anyone who is not already convinced of this. He, Catherine, Irwin Reyes, Álvaro Feal, Joel Reardon, Primal Wijesekera, Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez, Amit Elazari, Kenneth A. Bamberger, and Serge Egelman. "The Price Is (Not) Right: Comparing Privacy in Free and Paid Apps." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2020, No. 3 (July 1, 2020): 222-42. https://doi.org/10.2478/popets-2020-0050.<https://doi.org/10.2478/popets-2020-0050> A survey shows that consumers expect better privacy in apps they buy than in free apps, but an analysis of 5,877 pairs of free apps with their paid premium versions showed that in very many cases it's not true. Micheli, M., Lutz, C., & Büchi, M. (2018). Digital footprints: An emerging dimension of digital inequality. Journal of Information, Communication & Ethics in Society, 16(3), 242-251. doi:http://dx.doi.org.pva.uib.no/10.1108/JICES-02-2018-0014 Our digital tracks create a new arena for discrimination and digital inequality. Patella-Rey, Pj. "Beyond Privacy: Bodily Integrity as an Alternative Framework for Understanding Non-Consensual Pornography." Information, Communication & Society 21, No. 5 (May 4, 2018): 786–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1428653.<https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1428653> Revenge is not just about privacy, it is perceived as a violation of bodily integrity, and is therefore perceived as extremely infringing. Penney, Jonathon, Online Abuse, Chilling Effects, and Human Rights (June 5, 2020). in Dubois, E. and Martin-Bariteau, F. (eds.), Citizenship in a Connected Canada: A Research and Policy Agenda, Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa Press, 2020, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3620520 It is often claimed that laws against cyberharassment will have a "chilling effect" on free speech, but Penney argues that such laws will allow minorities and especially women to speak freer. Online harassment, bullying, hate, "doxxing," and revenge porn all have a silencing effect on victims (Franks, 2018, p. 307; Citron, 2014, pp. 196-197). Such abuse has a "totalizing and devastating impact" upon victims (Citron, 2014, p. 29). In fact, silencing victims is often the primary motivation for such abuse (Citron, 2014, p. 196). Moreover, these chilling effects have a disproportionate impact on the speech and engagement of certain people, such as minority populations, already marginalized due to systematic and overt barriers (Franks, 2018, p. 307). Qin, Bei, David Strömberg, and Yanhui Wu. 2017. "Why Does China Allow Freer Social Media? Protests versus Surveillance and Propaganda." Journal of Economic Perspectives,31 (1): 117-40.DOI: 10.1257/jep.31.1.117 An analysis of 13.2 billion records on Sina Weibo from the period 2009-2013 showed that there were MANY sensitive records, e.g. about protests and accusations of corruption - and records could be used to predict protests/corruption scandals before they actually occurred. In other words, social media monitoring will be useful for a state. In other words, it is probably not in the interest of an authoritarian state to censor social media. The researchers had assumed that there would be little sensitive material, because it is well documented that Chinese internet users have been penalized after posting about protests m.m. (see page 123). However, in this dataset they found NO chilling effect, i.e. there was nothing to suggest that users who posted such records were idenfied and punished - they could see that users continued to post even after publishing sensitive records. Shruti Sannon, Natalya N. Bazarova, and Dan Cosley. Privacy Lies: Understanding How, When, and Why People Lie to Protect Their Privacy in Multiple Online Contexts. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Paper 52, 1-13. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173626 A response to the experience of having to give up personal data against their will is privacy lies,as Sannon et.al. (2018) defines as "the deliberate provision of false personal information to protect as facet of an individual's privacy". Half of American teens have provided false information on social media profiles, and 40% of internet users report lying to commercial websites. Speicher, Till, Muhammad Ali, Giridhari Venkatadri, Filipe Ribeiro, George Arvanitakis, et al.. Potential at Discrimination in Online Targeted Advertising. FAT 2018 - Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, Feb 2018, New-York, United States. pp.1-15. ?<https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01955343>hal-01955343<https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01955343>?<https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01955343> A quantitative analysis of how Facebook allows advertising buyers to discriminate indirectly by race by choosing other characteristics. Stoycheff, Elizabeth, G. Scott Burgess, and Maria Clara Martucci. "Online Censorship and Digital Surveillance: The Relationship between Suppression Technologies and Democratization across Countries." Information, Communication & Society 23, no. 4 (March 20, 2020): 474–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1518472.<https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1518472> Quantitative examination of the relationship between state surveillance of the internet, censorship of the internet and democracy, in 63 countries. Findings: Censorship takes place in both democratic and non-democratic countries, but more surveillance is closely linked to less democracy. Protests also take place in countries with a high degree of surveillance, but in these countries the net is less likely to be used to facilitate it. In other words, surveillance harms democracy more than censorship. The article includes a number of examples of suppression of citizens' free speech/action through surveillance (in the sub-chapter Implications). Stoycheff, Elizabeth. 2016. "Under Surveillance: Examining Facebook's Spiral of Silence Effects in the Wake of NSA Internet Monitoring." Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 93 (2): 296–311. Stoycheff, Elizabeth, Juan Liu, Kai Xu, and Kunto Wibowo. "Privacy and the Panopticon: Online Mass Surveillance's Deterrence and Chilling Effects." New Media & Society 21, No. 3 (March 2019): 602-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818801317.<https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818801317> Two studies: 1) They showed half of the informants a news article about privacy violations and surveillance, and then asked lots of questions to distract them from realizing what the researchers were really interested, and then asked about planned online activity. There were significantly FEWER people who would participate in online political activities over the next week in the group that had seen the news story about government surveillance. 2) With a selection of American Muslims asking a series of questions, half showed a "terms of service" explanation that the state could monitor their answers, and asked more questions - there was a clear effect that people were more "cautious." Similar effect in the group of Muslims and the other group, where no one said they were Muslims. Quote: Panoptic-like surveillance has been widely criticized for violating citizens' universal rights to privacy (e.g. Bernal, 2016<https://journals-sagepub-com.pva.uib.no/doi/full/10.1177/1461444818801317>; Brown, 2015<https://journals-sagepub-com.pva.uib.no/doi/full/10.1177/1461444818801317>, and posing deleterious consequences for US democracy by deterring, or chilling, online information seeking (Penney, 2016<https://journals-sagepub-com.pva.uib.no/doi/full/10.1177/1461444818801317>, 2017<https://journals-sagepub-com.pva.uib.no/doi/full/10.1177/1461444818801317>)disclosures (Dinev et al., 2008), political<https://journals-sagepub-com.pva.uib.no/doi/full/10.1177/1461444818801317>discussions (Stoycheff, 2016), tolerance<https://journals-sagepub-com.pva.uib.no/doi/full/10.1177/1461444818801317>(Stoycheff et al., 2017), and may even pose<https://journals-sagepub-com.pva.uib.no/doi/full/10.1177/1461444818801317>ramifications for offline behavior (Marder et al., 2016<https://journals-sagepub-com.pva.uib.no/doi/full/10.1177/1461444818801317>). Waldman, A. (2019). Law, Privacy, and Online Dating: "Revenge Porn" in Gay Online Communities. Law & Social Inquiry, 44(4), 987-1018. doi:10.1017/lsi.2018.29 Users of the dating app Grindr are at far higher risk of their nude photos being shared without consent. Dating apps for gays require a high degree of sharing of personal information. Wessel-Aas, Jon. "The 2014 Law of Press Freedom: One Step Forward - And Two Back?" Status of Freedom of Expression in Norway - Fritt Ord Foundation's Monitor Project. Free Speech, 2014. http://ytringsfrihet.no/publikasjon/rapport-pressefrihetens-kar-i-2014-ett-…. It can be "safely stated that the development towards increased opportunities for state control and monitoring of the general population's confidential communication has been dramatic. (..) This obviously challenges the general freedom of communication, through the potentially chilling effect this may have on the willingness to use general communication channels for confidential communication. For what kind of behavior is it really that can give the authorities reason to investigate if you are preparing to develop a resolution that you are not even conscious yet? (s 56) Source protection: As these conditions are regulated in Norway – and internationally – today, real source protection, when communication takes place electronically, is far from illusory. Reports PEN America. 2013. Chilling Effects: NSA Surveillance Drives U.S. Writers to Self-Censor. New York: PEN American Center. Interesting cases featured in the media Caplan, Robyn. "Pornhub Is Just the Latest Example of the Move Toward a Verified Internet." Slate, December 18, 2020. https://slate.com/technology/2020/12/pornhub-verified-users-twitter.html.<https://slate.com/technology/2020/12/pornhub-verified-users-twitter.html> Morrison, Sara, and Rebecca Heilweil. "How Teachers Are Sacrificing Student Privacy to Stop Cheating," December 18, 2020 https://www.vox.com/recode/22175021/school-cheating-student-privacy-remote-….

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IEEE CyberScience 2021 | Hybrid Conference | Last Call for Papers
by HANAN HINDY 21 Jan '21

21 Jan '21

*** Apologies for cross postings *** *** LAST CALL FOR PAPERS *** Dear All, We would like to remind you that the IEEE CyberScience 2021 deadline for papers is the 26th of January 2021. Joint and Co-located Conferences: - International Conference on Cyber Situational Awareness, Data Analytics and Assessment (CyberSA 2021), Theme: CyberSA for Trustworthy and Transparent AI. - International Conference on Social Media, Wearable and Web Analytics (Social Media 2021), Theme: Exploring the impact social media has in a digital world. - International Conference on Cyber Security and Protection of Digital Services (Cyber Security 2021), Theme: Advancing Cyber Security Education in a post-COVID World. - International Conference on Cyber Incident Response, Coordination, Containment & Control (Cyber Incident 2021), Theme: Cyber Resilience as Code. For more details: https://www.c-mric.com/conferences/ Submission instructions: https://c-mric.org/submission-instructions/ Kind Regards, Hanan ---------------------------------- Hanan Hindy CyberScience Co-Chair School of Design and Informatics Abertay University Dundee, Scotland hananhindy.com<http://hananhindy.com/>

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Looking for recent articles and books on streaming audio
by Andrew Herman 21 Jan '21

21 Jan '21

My fellow AOIRistas I am looking to our collective hivemind to bring to light the best theoretical and empirical work on streaming audio over the past few years. I am casting my net widely at this point, so anything about podcasting, internet radio, streaming platforms is of interest to me, so don't hold back. Thanks Andrew

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