- Air-L - lists.aoir.org

Sharing the recommendations i got for philosophical perspectives on digital culture
by Carmel Vaisman 29 Feb '12

29 Feb '12

Hi all, I've been asked to share the list I compiled from the recommendations I got for readings on philosophic aspect of digital culture. Two disclaimers: it includes some of the more popular lit too and it's quite cut & pasted, not fully "digested" yet, so I apologize. Here it is: Alexander Galloway / Gaming: Essays on Algorithmic Culture, Protocol Andrew Feenberg's critical theory of technology, especially as developed extensively in conjunction with empirical work on CMC by Maria Bakardjieva - e.g., her forthcoming "Web 2.0 Technologies of the Self," co-authored with Georgia Gaden. ("Online first" - DOI: 10.1007/s13347-011-0032-9) Angela Daly, a paper under review on Anarchism and the Internet, which critiques Yochai Benkler's assertions/predictions in 'Wealth of Networks'. Operations Object-oriented Ontology lit (Ian Bogost / Unit, as starting point) Fuchs Christian "Internet and society" and "Foundations of critical media and inforamtion studies" are based on social theory and philosohy, namely critical theory and Hegel's philosophy. Ray Kurzweil on transhumanism. Start with The Singularity is Near / The Age of Spiritual Machines (*p.s: I am actually looking for an interesting humanistic critic on singularity if anyone can help that'll be great) * Glyn Moody - Rebel Code: Linux and the Open Source Revolution and also Mark Pesce - http://thenextbillionseconds.com/2012/01/10/initiation/ Cory Doctorow, both his fiction and non fiction writings, perhaps especially for your purposes his book Little Brother. Charles Stross especially his book Halting State. His story Lobsters is just crazy out there, but amazing. Elizabeth Buchanan and Annette Markham on the "Ethical Guidelines 2.0" document for AoIR. Ess, C. and Thorseth, M. 2011. Introduction, in C. Ess and M. Thorseth (eds.), _Trust and Virtual Worlds: Contemporary Perspectives_, pp. vii-xxiv. New York: Peter Lang. Ess, C. And Cheong, P. 2012. Introduction: Religion 2.0? Relational and Hybridizing Pathways in Religion, Social Media, and Culture. In P. Cheong, P. Fischer-Nielsen, S. Gelfgren, and C. Ess (eds.), _Digital Religion, Social Media and Culture: Perspectives, Practices and Futures_, pp. 1-21. New York: Peter Lang. Ess, C. - Introduction to a forthcoming issue of Philosophy and Technology on "Personal Identity Online" Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology_ a review of Charles ESS on the book (Charles, do share it…) Turoff, Murray, Virtuality, CACM, Volume 40, Number 9, September 1997, pp. 38-43. * * <http://www.amazon.com/Shallows-What-Internet-Doing-Brains/dp/0393072223> *The Shallows*<http://www.amazon.com/Shallows-What-Internet-Doing-Brains/dp/0393072223>by Nick Carr, *The Information<http://www.amazon.com/Information-History-Theory-Flood/dp/0375423729/> * by James Gleick, and *You Are Not a Gadget<http://www.amazon.com/You-Are-Not-Gadget-Manifesto/dp/0307389979/> * by Jaron Lanier Jenkins's syllabus for "science fiction as media theory": http://henryjenkins.org/2011/08/back_to_school_special_syllabu.html Diane Dubrule's syllabus on computer ethics: http://www4.carleton.ca/calendars/ugrad/current/courses/PHIL/2104.html <http://www4.carleton.ca/calendars/ugrad/current/courses/PHIL/2104.html> Deborah G. Johnson, Computer Ethics. Prentice Hall. Peter Ludlow (ed.). High Noon on the Electronic Frontier: Conceptual Issues in Cyberspace. MIT Press. Vallor, S. (2009). Social Networking Technology and the Virtues. Ethics and Information Technology. Volume 12, Number 2 <http://www.springerlink.com/content/1388-1957/12/2/>, 157-170, DOI: 10.1007/s10676-009-9202-1 Vallor, S. 2011. Flourishing on facebook: virtue friendship & new social media. Ethics and Information Technology. Doi: 10.1007/s10676-010-9262-2. Zizek: "Cyberspace, Or, The Unbearable Closure of Being" from chapter 4 of _The Plague of Fantasies_and his analysis of MIT's SixthSense in _Living in the End Times_ Facebook and Philosophy: What¹s On Your Mind?, ? D.E. Wittkower (ed.). Chicago and La Salle, Illinois: Open Court Press, 2010. Thanks, Carmel

3 2

"Does Nonprofit Electronic Advocacy Work?"
by Deborah Elizabeth Finn 29 Feb '12

29 Feb '12

Dear Colleagues, Community TechKnowledge has just launched its new guest blog, and I'd like to invite you to peruse it: <http://www.communitytech.net/news-category/guest-bloggers> I thought that you might be especially interested in the premiere guest blogger's article: "Does Nonprofit Electronic Advocacy Work?" John G. McNutt Professor School of Public Policy & Administration University of Delaware <http://www.communitytech.net/news/does-nonprofit-electronic-advocacy-work> As the curator of this new blog (and a consultant to Community TechKnowledge), I'd like to encourage you not only to read these articles but to post comments to the blog in response to them. Best regards from Deborah Deborah Elizabeth Finn Strategist and Consultant Technology for the Nonprofit and Philanthropic Sector Boston, Massachusetts, USA Email: deborah.elizabeth(a)finn.com Blog: www.deborahelizabethfinn.com Skype: Deborah909 Twitter: Deborah909 LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/in/deborah909 Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/Deborah.Elizabeth.Finn Voicemail: 1-617-958-1959 I bring resources and needs together for nonprofits and philanthropies, mostly through strategic use of information and communication technologies.

1 0

Elon University-Pew Internet "Future" survey results for youth question released today
by Janna Anderson 29 Feb '12

29 Feb '12

Good morning, As you were an invitee to participate in the fifth "Future of the Internet" survey, fielded by Elon University's Imagining the Internet Center and the Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project, we thought you would like to know that the results from the first survey question are now available online. The question examined people's opinions about the likely 2020 future for hyperconnected youth - by 2020 this will be Generation AO, for "always on." A 36-page report synthesizing the results has been posted online at http://www.pewinternet.org. You can view fuller details at the Imagining the Internet site at these three specific addresses: http://www.elon.edu/e-web/predictions/expertsurveys/2012survey/default.xhtml http://www.elon.edu/e-web/predictions/expertsurveys/2012survey/future_gener… http://www.elon.edu/e-web/predictions/expertsurveys/2012survey/future_gener… If you have trouble reaching any of the links provided, please cut and paste the URL into your browser. More than 1,000 people participated in the survey, sharing a number of wonderful insights. The study is going to get national press coverage - including pieces by Reuters, the Chicago Tribune and the Los Angeles Times. Thank you to those who so generously gave their time to share their hopes and concerns! Best regards, Janna Anderson and Lee Rainie

1 0

Fwd: [Dbworld] 1st International Workshop on Memetics and Information Evolution MemIE 2012
by Jodi Schneider 29 Feb '12

29 Feb '12

'Memetics' workshop -- of possible interest. -Jodi ---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Mikolaj Morzy <Mikolaj.Morzy(a)put.poznan.pl> Date: Fri, Feb 3, 2012 at 12:39 AM Subject: [Dbworld] 1st International Workshop on Memetics and Information Evolution MemIE 2012 To: dbworld(a)cs.wisc.edu ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1st International Workshop on Memetics and Information Evolution MemIE in conjunction with ASONAM 2012 Istanbul, Turkey, August 26, 2012 http://www.cs.put.poznan.pl/memie/ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ * Deadline for submissions: April 7, 2012 * Memetics is a paradigm of information dissemination in which information units organized in patterns, called memes, evolve and compete in a Darwinian-like survival game. The application of this paradigm to a computational framework, called memetics computing, opens a broad range of research fields in domains such as data mining, combinatorial optimization, information retrieval, social informatics, social network analysis, or evolutionary algorithms. In addition, memetics computing encourages the cooperation between computer science and social sciences as memes and memeplexes are being intensively studied in these domains. The goal of the workshop is to provide an international forum for researchers and practitioners in the fields of memetics and social sciences to collaborate, to present, discuss and exchange their ideas, research results, case studies, and solutions. The workshop is aimed primarily at young and prospective researchers to allow them to exchange ideas, tie professional relationships, and collaborate scientifically. Also, we welcome demonstrations and in-progress research reports. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to: * Theory of memetics computing * Models of memes, memeplexes, and meta-memes * Applications of memetics computing * Meme-based frameworks for practical applications * Tools and software engineering of memetics computing * Modeling meme transitions * Tracking meme dissemination on the Web and beyond * Extracting memes from multimedia resources * Memetics approach to data mining and knowledge discovery * Meme extraction from social networks * Social implications of memetics computing * Information evolution patterns * Information dissemination in social networks SUBMISSIONS +++++++++++ We are soliciting new and original research into the fields of memetics, social networks and information evolution. We invite both researchers and practitioners to submit research papers, vision papers, research-in-progress reports, short papers and demo papers. Authors are invited to submitted their manuscripts using the EasyChair system at http://www.easychair.org/conferences/?conf=memie12 Manuscripts must be in English and formatted according to the IEEE two-column template at http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/pubservices/confpub/AuthorTools/confer…. Submission limit is 8 pages for research papers, and 4 pages for short/demo papers. Paper submission implies that one of the authors must register and attend the workshop to present the paper. All accepted papers will be included in the Workshop Proceedings published by the IEEE Computer Society Press. In addition, we are planning to invite selected publications to appear in a book in Social Media and Computing Book Series published by CRC Press. IMPORTANT DATES +++++++++++++++ Paper submission: April 7, 2012 - 3pm EDT Author notification: May 5, 2012 Camera ready papers: May 20, 2012 Author registration: May 20, 2012 (authors must register to ASONAM) WORKSHOP CO-CHAIRS ++++++++++++++++++ - Pawel Krzyzaniak, Poznan University of Technology, Poland - Mikolaj Morzy, Poznan University of Technology, Poland CONTACT +++++++ Requests for information should be e-mailed to memie(a)put.poznan.pl. _______________________________________________ Please do not post msgs that are not relevant to the database community at large. Go to www.cs.wisc.edu/dbworld for guidelines and posting forms. To unsubscribe, go to https://lists.cs.wisc.edu/mailman/listinfo/dbworld

1 0

Re: [Air-L] Archiving Past Tweets
by Kurniawan Saputro 29 Feb '12

29 Feb '12

Dear Friends, Thank you for your suggestions. I have tried many services on the internet. And almost all of them are limited by: 1. the 3200 limits 2. the "no past archive" limits. Both of these rules are imposed by twitter. I was just refferred by a fine internet researcher to a new, not yet operable, service titled Historics which is part of Datasift. It is the best option so far since it has a license to collect data from twitter's full hose. Thank you everyone for your suggestions. Best regards, Kurniawan Saputro Phd student Sheffield Hallam University

1 0

Fwd: [ciresearchers] Fwd: LIVE WEBCAST of a series of ICT learning events at World Bank on February 29 and March 1, 2012
by gene loeb 29 Feb '12

29 Feb '12

HI all, I thought you might find these useful. Best Wishes, Gene Gene Loeb, Ph.D. ---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: michael gurstein <gurstein(a)gmail.com> Date: Tue, Feb 28, 2012 at 8:26 PM Subject: [ciresearchers] Fwd: LIVE WEBCAST of a series of ICT learning events at World Bank on February 29 and March 1, 2012 To: ciresearchers(a)vancouvercommunity.net, cracin-canada(a)vancouvercommunity.net, ci-research-sa(a)vcn.bc.ca ** Some of these look very interesting... M -------- Original Message -------- Subject: LIVE WEBCAST of a series of ICT learning events at World Bank on February 29 and March 1, 2012 Date: Wed, 29 Feb 2012 02:34:25 +0400 From: edevelopment(a)worldbank.org To: edevelopment(a)worldbank.org *Please join us for the learning sessions as part of the ICT Learning Days at World Bank on February 29 and March 1 !* ICT Learning Days will include a series of learning events focusing on different aspects of using ICT for development in various sectors and regions, including universal broadband service in rural Saudi Arabia; mobile applications for agricultural and rural development; mobile money; ICT procurement; transformational potential of ICT for opening development; and the role of eID within e-government strategies. *When: *February 29 and March 1 *Venue in Washington: *World Bank J Building, Room J B1-080, 701 18th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20006 *Live webcast: * http://streaming7.worldbank.org/vvflash/extlive3 (Flash) mms://wbmswebcast1.worldbank.org/external-3 (Windows Media - PC) http://wbmswebcast5.worldbank.org:1935/live/myStream3/playlist.m3u8 (Apple - Mac) rtsp://wbmswebcast5.worldbank.org:1935/live/myStream3 (Blackberry) *Submit your comments and questions via our Chat Room (via Adobe Connect) *@ https://worldbankva.adobeconnect.com/ict *Social Media Hashtag: *#OpenDTA *Web: *http://go.worldbank.org/G4NMZDO350 *You can register* for participation in Washington D.C. by sending an email to edevelopment(a)worldbank.org (please mention the session you would like to participate in). If you are World Bank staff, please register through LMS by clicking the link under the respective session at http://go.worldbank.org/G4NMZDO350. No registration is needed to watch live webcast. *Detailed description:* *February 29, 08:00 - 09:30 am Washington time* *Universal Broadband Service in Rural Saudi Arabia: Innovations by USF & Operators Close the Access Gap* Saudi Arabia had the leading mobile and computer penetration in the Gulf region, while quality of service and Internet penetration were low. The focus of its universal service and access program was placed on improving service quality and providing universal broadband. With complementary regulatory measures, such as favourable frequencies, the program offers interesting lessons. Moderator: Doyle Gallegos, Lead ICT Policy Specialist, World Bank Speaker: Andrew Dymond, Managing Director of Intelecon *February 29, 10:00 am - 12:00 pm Washington time* *Mobile Applications for Agricultural and Rural Development* Focus on a recent study which describes global research on mobile applications addressing rural development issues. 92 applications were categorized and analyzed and country case studies document leading applications in Kenya, the Philippines, and Sri Lanka. The study describes various business models in the context of the mobile ecosystem in developing countries, and lessons are drawn for measures to support development of a viable mobile application ecosystem. Moderator: Tim Kelly, Sr. ICT Policy Specialist, World Bank Speaker: Steve Esselaar, Sr. Consultant, Intelecon *February 29, 12:30 - 14:00 Washington time* *Mobile Money: How to Assess m-Money Opportunities and Why you can't Replicate Kenya's MP* The Four Country Mobile Money Study was commissioned by the IFC and it was designed to increase the understanding of mobile money and to help address key issues such as scaling up and replicability. The study looks at the ecosystem requirements and the business models used by mobile network operators, banks, and others in four developing countries—Brazil, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. It compares these countries with Kenya and Japan, which have successfully developed mobile money operations, and with the United States. Speaker: Sonja Oestmann, Universal Access, Policy and Broadband Specialist *February 29, 14:30 - 16:00 Washington time* *A Pan-African Perspective Towards ICT Sustainability in Africa* Creating and supporting a Pan-African community of competent, internationally certified IT professionals focused on developing the IT tools for African Agriculture, Business, Education, Health Care, Government and general Social needs. Session Lead: Samia Melhem, Sr. Operations Officer, ICT Sector Unit, World Bank Speakers: Amadou Daffe, CEO, Coders4Africa Kwame Andah, Director of Marketing Communication, Coders4Africa Ibrahim Cisse, Director of Technology, Coders4Africa Ellwood Kerkeslager, CEO Information Futures *March 1, 08:00 - 09:30am Washington time* *How Could Computing and Low cost internet devices make global e-commerce viable for SMEs in developing countries Cloud Computing* Moderator: Samia Melhem, Sr. Operations Officer, ICT Sector Unit, World Bank Speaker: Gurcharan Singh, Sr. Procurement Specialist, World Bank *March 1, 10:00 - 12:00 * *Open, smart and Inclusive Development: Can ICT Transform Development?* ICT is diffusing rapidly across the globe, yet its revolutionary potential for development is at a very early stage of realization. Hanna explores this potential in terms of advancing a vision of open, smart and inclusive development. He draws on the experience of some pioneering countries to illustrate their paths and practices and to draw lessons for our client countries. Moderator: Samia Melhem, Senior Operations Officer, ICT Sector Unit, World Bank Speakers: Nagy Hanna, Sr. Fellow, Centre for Policy on Emerging Technologies Soren Gigler, Senior Governance Specialist, World Bank Institute *March 1, 12:30 - 14:00 * *Open Government: From Data to Information* How do Governments need to manage their information assets in an increasingly open world? How can Governments, Citizens and International Organizations best use and re-use this information? The BBL will encourage broad thinking on how the full spectrum of public information assets, from data and statistics to archives and records, can be associated and be made more useful for providing evidence, making decisions, and reporting results. The Session will include a demonstration of an innovative mock up which provides a mashup of the World Bank's Open Data, current project data and archival records in a contextual and meaningful way. Moderator: Arleen Cannata Seed, IMTLA Speaker: Tariq Khokhar of the World Bank Open Data Initiatve, Anne Thurston of the International Records Management Trust, and others (TBC) *March 1, 14:30 - 16:00 (J B1-080)* *Role of eID within the eGovernment Strategy* Case will be set forth for how eID in Government, when it is well implemented, can result in greater efficiency, transparency and cost effectiveness. Moderator: Samia Melhem, Senior Operations Officer, World Bank Speaker: Frank Leyman, Belgian Rep. in eGovernment High Level Group of European Commission Discussant: Mariana Dahan, Consultant, ICT Policy Unit, World Bank

1 0

Seeking Additional Panelists - IR13: cultures of crafting / technology, regulation, and ethics
by Liza Barry-Kessler 29 Feb '12

29 Feb '12

AoIR-listers: Along with Dr. Nadine Kozak, I'm organizing a panel proposal for IR13, exploring the intersections of craft, technology, and intellectual property online cultures of crafting—be it foodies, home brewers, or handmade item crafters—often clash, or at least uneasily co-exist, with the domains of the Internet, domestic and international legal structures, and capitalism. If your research includes these kinds of online communities, and their conflicts (either internal or external), or other communities that include a "culture of crafting," and you would like to be part of this panel discussion, please contact me directly at barryke2(a)uwm.edu, or contact Dr. Kozak directly at kozakn(a)uwm.edu. We will happily share the full panel abstract with potentially interested participants. Liza Barry-Kessler, J.D. Ph.D. Student School of Information Studies University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee barryke2(a)uwm.edu

1 0

Podcast: Virtually Policy
by Ren Reynolds 28 Feb '12

28 Feb '12

[apologies for cross posting] As some will know I've been very active policy making circles for the last few years through the (not for profit) Virtual Policy think tank I set up a while ago - we are doing quite a lot with the UK Government, Council of Europe, Internet Governance Forum, OECD etc…and this year are looking to expand in a few directions. The first new front is a series of podcasts in topic that are designed to be of interest to both industry (games / social media / emerging media), policy makers and academics. The first three are up and the next is out next week - it's all about Bitcoin. I'm e'ing just to let you all know, as I hope people find them interesting. Also I'm very keen on showcasing academic work to industry and policy makers - so if you are working on something that you think might be relevant, and we can get the essence of it over in 15 min or so, do contact me. Also if you are interested in getting more involved in the policy or governance side of things please drop me a line. I'm considering starting a second podcast that goes a lot deeper into the topics and is very much focused on academics - but I'm wondering if there would be an audience for it outside this list and the AoIR folk, thoughts would be welcome. Virtually Policy, so far... Dutch Supreme Court on Virtual Theft http://www.virtualpolicy.net/virtuallypolicy001.html From Ghana to Second Life – public diplomacy in the digital age http://www.virtualpolicy.net/virtuallypolicy002.html Virtual Currencies & Roach Motels http://www.virtualpolicy.net/virtuallypolicy003.html Bitcoin and human rights … next week http://itunes.apple.com/gb/podcast/virtually-policy/id502330827 ren --8<-- web: www.renreynolds.com Think Tank: www.virtualpolicy.net blog: terranova.blogs.com Skype: RenZephyr Facebook: www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=734676997 Linked-in: www.linkedin.com/in/renreynolds

1 0

Researchers to Introduce New Model of Learning, Connected Learning: Designed to Œmine the new social, digital domain¹
by Jon Barilone 28 Feb '12

28 Feb '12

You can read the full press release here: http://bit.ly/yItXdV Citing an ever-widening gap between in-school and out-of-school learning experiences, a team of researchers on Thursday will introduce a model of learning -- 'connected learning' -- that taps into the rich new world of information, knowledge, and online collaboration available to youth and learners. The connected learning model, which is anchored in a large body of research on how youth are using social media, the internet and digital media to learn and develop expertise, also seeks to respond to deepening fears of a class-based "equity" gap in education that, without intervention, is likely to be accelerated by disproportionate access to technology and new forms of knowledge sharing. The introduction of the connected learning model is scheduled to take place during a 5 p.m. Thursday press briefing and reception at a conference at the Parc 55 Hotel in San Francisco. The conference, "Beyond Educational Technology: Learning Innovations in a Connected World," is being attended by 1,000 technologists, futurists, researchers and educators. Members of the news media interested in attending the connected learning briefing and reception, can quickly RSVP and get further details here: http://connectedlearning.eventbrite.com

1 0

senior positions at NJIT (New York City area) - healthcare, big data, cloud, sensors+
by Michael Bieber 28 Feb '12

28 Feb '12

SENIOR FACULTY POSITIONS, NEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (and also some junior positions) The NJIT College of Computing Sciences invites candidates for the following full, associate and assistant professor positions starting in August 2012. We are especially encouraging successful senior members of our field to explore these positions. For more information, see http://is.njit.edu/about/jobs/jobs2012.php Address questions about these positions to ccs(a)njit.edu. 1. Computer Science Department, Cloud Computing and Big Data. The candidate must have a PhD in computer science or related field, with a background in high performance computing, large scale storage, cyber security, pattern recognition, natural language processing, web analytics, or information mining and with experience building software for large-scale computer systems. (Posting Number 0600800) 2. Information Systems Department, Business Applications of Big Data and Cloud Computing. The candidate should have completed a PhD in business, computing or a related analytical field; related work experience is desirable. The candidate should have a relevant research background, strong analytical skills, programming expertise and innovative approaches to the application of cloud computing and big data analytics to business. (Posting Number 0600795) 3. Computer Science Department, Electronic Medical Records and their applications. The candidate's research should focus on producing software that is rooted in theory and processes "big data." The candidate must be grounded in both relevant fields -- Medical Informatics and Medicine. An MD/PhD in Medical Informatics or an MD with an internship (post doc) in Healthcare Informatics is preferred, but related degree profiles will be considered. (Posting Number 0600802) 4. Computer Science Department, Sensor Technology. The candidate must have a PhD in computer science or a related field. An applicant should be in the field of sensor technology, systems and applications and should have experience in prototyping and building sensor systems. (Posting Number 0600801) 5. Information Systems Department, Application of Information Systems to Healthcare. The candidate must have completed a PhD in computing or informatics with a focus on healthcare; related work experience is a plus. The candidate should have a relevant research background, strong analytical skills, programming expertise and innovative approaches to using computing and business information systems to improve healthcare. (Posting Number 0600803) The College of Computing Science contains Departments of Information Systems (is.njit.edu) and Computer Science (cs.njit.edu) Both departments have undergraduate, Masters and PhD degrees. NJIT is a nationally ranked research university in the greater New York City area, with strong industry ties and an orientation toward interdisciplinary research. NJIT is dedicated to recruiting and retaining women and underrepresented minority candidates to help the university achieve its mission of education, research, economic development, and service. NJIT is an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer. -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Michael Bieber, Professor and Associate Chair, Information Systems Email/MSN IM: bieber(a)njit.edu URL: http://web.njit.edu/~bieber IM/Skype: profbieber (AIM/Google/Yahoo) Phone: (973) 596-2681 FAX: (973) 596-2986 [email/IM preferred] Calendar: http://www.google.com/calendar/embed?src=profbieber@gmail.com Information Systems Department - College of Computing Sciences - is.njit.edu New Jersey Institute of Technology 5500 Information Technology Center University Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07102-1982 USA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 0